4^th International Conference and Exhibition on Obesity and Weight Management December 07-09, 2015 Atlanta, USA

Biography:

Lacey Durrance, MS, RD, LDN is a Registered Dietitian and author who received her education in Jacksonville, resulting in a Master’s of Science Degree in Nutrition. Her professional experience includes 6 years of nutrition education including instructing at the local University, freelance writing, private nutrition consulting, outpatient nutrition counseling and corporate wellness program design and implementation. Specializing in corporate wellness, she leads the nutrition-specific programs as Nutrition Program Manager.

Abstract:

As we continue to target programs toward the treatment of obesity, many occur in the workplace. While often occurring in the form of a Lunch and Learn or wellness presentation, it is time for new and innovative services to aid our ability to reduce obesity rates. This presentation will educate attendees on how offering additional, innovative services in the nutrition space can improve engagement and impact weight status long-term. Feedback from these services will be shared including outcomes data and implementation strategies.

Biography:

Pearl Sawhney is a senior at Grinnell College, Iowa, where she is pursuing a degree in Biochemistry, with a concentration in Global Development Studies. She has won numerous science awards in Iowa and has been a research scholar with USDA in 2014. She also has two conference presentations

Abstract:

Of the 22 industrialized countries in the world, the U.S. has the highest obesity statistics and rising. According to the National Institute of Health, nearly 30% of Americans are obese and rising; and two thirds of Americans are overweight. To combat obesity, on one hand the researchers are trying to understand and isolate the genetic strains that are associated with obesity, and on the other hand the social scientists are trying to understand the behavioral aspects of poor eating habits and lack of physical activities that is contributing to obesity. This paper adds to the behavioral research stream by examining the impact of the changing American diet favoring higher meat consumption on obesity. According to the, USDA Americans are consuming 8.5 ounces of meat per day against the recommended amount of 3-4 ounces per day. The paper uses a triangulated approach by using both laboratory tests and a field survey of 537 people in four U.S. Midwestern towns to collect data. Analysis of the data supports the notion that higher portion of meat consumption in daily diet is associated with obesity. The survey results also show that the consumption habits are formed at early ages that become hard to change later in life. Overwhelmingly, the respondents felt that proper knowledge and exposure to healthy eating should be made available during formative years. These results have important policy implications towards dissemination of proper dietary knowledge, school feeding programs, and food subsidies programs in the U.S. to help control obesity

Biography:

Bojan Polic graduated medicine in 1989 and received his Ph.D. in 1996 at the University of Rijeka School of Medicine. From 1997 till 2001 he did his postdoc in the group of prof. Klaus Rajewsky at the Institute of Genetics University of Cologne, Germany. In 2001 he established his research group dealing with Immunology at the Dept. of Histology and Embryology of the University of Rijeka School of Medicine. Since 2008. he is a full professor at the Department and was Vice-dean for research at the School (2008 – 2014). He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Obesity is an increasingly common health issue that predisposes people to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), which can progress to diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). An important underlying cause of obesity-induced IR is chronic systemic inflammation derived from accumulating pro-inflammatory macro-phages in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Currently, it is unknown which signal initiates adipose tissue macro phage (ATM) activation in VAT. We find that a phenotypically distinct VAT-resident NK cells provide a crucial link between obesity-induced adipose tissue stress and ATM activation in VAT. Ligands for the NK cell- activating receptor NKp46/Ncr1 are expressed in human and mouse VAT. Feeding with high-fat diet causes up regulation of Ncr1-ligands on adipocytes, leading to localized activation and cellular increase of NK cells. IFNγ produced by these cells drives early pro-inflammatory macro phage differentiation and promotes obesity-induced insulin resistance. Lack of NK cells, Ncr1 or IFNγ prevents macro phage activation in VAT and greatly ameliorates glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therapeutic blocking of Ncr1-signaling forestalls ATM activation. Our study identifies NK cells as key regulators of macrophage polarization and insulin resistance in response to obesity-induced adipose stress. The NK-ATM axis therefore provides an attractive new target for early treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome to prevent progression to DM2.

Biography:

May Tsai is currently a doctor at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Australia after completing her MBBS/B Med Sci at the University of Melbourne in 2013. She has been involved in cardiovascular medicine research with Professor Andrew Wilson and has published in the International Journal of Cardiology. Her area of interests includes cardiology and perioperative medicine. She is currently completing Postgraduate Certificate/Diploma in Clinical Ultrasound.

Abstract:

Aim/objective
Obesity affects over 60% of Australian population and bariatric surgery is increasingly used to address this issue. However, there is limited literature in the Australian rural context. Our objective was to compare outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) performed in rural Australia.
Methods Retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent LAGB and LSG by a single surgeon at a rural hospital in Victoria, Australia were obtained from bariatric database. The main outcomes measured were major complications and weight loss over time, expressed as percentage of excess body weight loss (%EWL) and Body Mass Index loss (BML kg/m2).
RESULTS 140(58.1%) and 101 patients (41.9%) underwent LSG and LAGB respectively. No mortality was recorded. Three patients (2%) returned to theater due to staple line leak post LSG. Only 1(1%) patient in the LABG required return to theater for readjustment of band. Post op blood transfusion rates were 2%(3 patients) and 1%(1 patient) in the LSG and LABG group respectively. 7 other patients (5%) undergoing LSG encountered post op complications (6 patients atelectasis, 1 patient atrial fibrillation) compared to 1 patient in LABG group with pulmonary embolus.
LSG group had a higher pre-operative BMI (45.05 ±6.84kg/m2) compared to LAGB group being 43.15±6.73kg/m2 (p<0.05). LSG provided significantly greater (p<0.05) weight loss after 18 months (%EWL 68.75±13.05% and BML 11.73 ± 6.44 kg/m2) compared to LAGB (%EWL46.15 ±23.85% and BML 8.13±5.44kg/m2)
CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery can be performed safely in rural Australia with comparable results to international standards. LSG is more effective than LABG in achieving weight loss.

Biography:

Amir Alishahitabriz, after getting his medical degree, he worked for 4 years as a physician in most deprived area in Middle East. In parallel with that he worked as research director for a few national wide projects. He got his MPH from Department of Health Policy and Management, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and currently he is a PhD candidate in Department of Health Policy and Management, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Organization and Implementation Science track.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity in the children is a global problem. Besides physical effects, obesity has harmful psychological effects on children. We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study to investigate the relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) with cognitive functioning in preschool children. Thirteen socio-economical elements of 1151 children was measured and analyzed based on their intelligence quantities (IQ) test results. Thirteen out of 33 provinces were selected randomly and schools selected as the clusters in rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression were used when appropriate. Our analysis showed that IQ was associated with, Household income, Place of Residence, Previous, Delivery Type, Infant Feeding, Father’s educational level and Mother’s educational level (P < 0.001 for all). With using penalized linear regression for eliminating the impact of confounding factor, our study shows, living in Metropolitan (β = 2.411) and urban area (β = 2.761), level of participants’ fathers education (β = 5.251) was positively and BMI (β = -0.594) was negatively related with IQ test results. The findings of present study showed that a lower IQ score is associated with higher BMI. Although this relation appears to be largely mediated when socioeconomic, status considered.

Biography:

Chris Anderson is the Psychology Lecturer in the Behavioral Science Department at Utah Valley University. He received his PhD in Clinical Psychology from Brigham Young University in June, 2015. He completed his pre-doctoral clinical training as a Health Psychology intern at the Louis Stokes VA Medical Center in Cleveland, OH in 2014

Abstract:

Previous research has suggested multiple behavioral changes are often necessary for weight loss. However the identification of multiple behavioral patterns may be impractical in many clinical situations. The Lifestyle for Weight Management Questionnaire (LWMQ) was created to assist clinicians in the rapid identification of problematic behavioral patterns, assess motivation to change, and identify body image disturbance. Objective: To analyze the statistical properties of the LWMQ on a sample of college students. Method: 118 college students completed the LWMQ and provided information regarding their weight history. A composite lifestyle score was computed to rate participants’ overall lifestyle patterns. Results: Significant differences in overall lifestyle scores were found between individuals losing, maintaining, or gaining weight (means=86.9; 46.1; & 20.7, p < .001). Despite this, the mean lifestyle score of an individual trying to lose weight was 51.9. Significant differences also existed in feelings of guilt and shame and body dissatisfaction between normal weight and obese participants (p < .05). Discussion & Conclusions: The LWMQ is a potentially useful clinical tool to enhance clinical interviews related to weight management counseling. Individuals trying to lose weight may often underestimate the amount of lifestyle changes necessary for weight loss. Obese individuals’ likely experience increased negative emotions related to body image and eating. Further research should examine how the LWMQ performs with different populations.

Biography:

Edita Stokić, MD, PhD, endocrinologist, Professor of Internal medicine-Endocrinology, employed in the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Medical Facukty, Serbia. In 2005. she was appointed as Chief of Department. She is currently the Vice President of Serbian Association for the Study of Obesity and Chairman of the Continuing Education Board (Society of Physicians of Vojvodina of the Medical Society of Serbia). She was President of the Internal Medicine Section and President of Endocrinology Section within same Society. Professor Edita Stokić is an author or co-author of 412 scientific articles, and publications on obesity, dyslipidemias and diabetes. She has also published monographs - Obesity is a treatable disease and Obesity and adipose tissue distribution – metabolic consequences.

Abstract:

Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity may play an important role in the development of the obesity-associated cardiometabolic disturbances, resulting in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lipid and lipoprotein disorders, and vascular, atherosclerotic disease. The treatment of cardiometabolic risk should include weight reduction, increased physical activity and lifestyle changes followed by pharmacotherapy to treat each risk factor individually. The important role of adipose tissue derived cytokines and adipokines in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances may point out an interest to improve adipose tissue function. Substantial evidence indicates that pharmacological treatments and nonpharmacological interventions affect adipose tissue function. Weight loss and increasing physical activity are effective interventions for improving adipose tissue function: weight reduction resulting in a decrease leptin and an increase in adiponectin levels. Treatment with orlistat is associated with decreased plasma concentrations of leptin, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and increased adiponectin levels, indicating an improvement in adipose tissue function. Metformin has a direct effect on adipose tissue production, beyond an effect through weight reduction. Some drugs widely used in the treatment cardiometabolic risk mediate their cardiovascular benefits partly through their direct positive effects on adipocytes production besides primary therapeutical end points. Adiponectin levels are increased by statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones. The goal of obesity treatment is to reduce body weight, cardiometabolic risk, and improve adipose tissue function, which can be done with a combination of pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological interventions. Improving adipose tissue function may play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Biography:

Claire Beynon has completed her Masters in Public Health from Cardiff University, UK. She is the a Specialist Registrar in Public Health with Public Health Wales with an interest in obesity. She has worked in the NHS in the UK for nearly 10 years in a variery of senior roles. Claire also has a MSc in Sport and Exercise Science, and is passionate about reducing obesity in the UK.

Abstract:

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in children in Wales is approximately 12%. The health problems associated with obesity are estimated at £5.1bn/year in the UK (equivalent to US$8 billion/year). With childhood obesity come poorer health outcomes; immediately and in the long term.
Aims: To determine risk factors associated with childhood obesity from the Welsh Health Survey (WHS) 2008 to 2011.
Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the WHS, n=11,279 children (aged 4-15 years). Multi variable logistic regression was used to explore associations with childhood obesity and unhealthy food consumption; sugar sweetened beverages; physical activity (PA); currently treated illnesses; sex; age; deprivation quintiles; parent’s employment type and housing tenure.
Results: The study found a significant association between childhood obesity and the following factors: parents being in the routine, manual, or unemployed group OR 1.32 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.54, p<0.001); mid and high quin-tiles of deprivation OR for mid 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.50, p=0.04) and for high deprivation OR 1.33 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.63, p=0.005); having one or two currently treated illnesses OR for one illness 1.20 (95%CI: 1.05 to 1.38, p=0.008) and for two or more illnesses OR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.85, p<0.001) and not meeting the PA recommendations OR 1.33 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.52, p<0.001).
Conclusions and implications: This study shows an association between physical activity and childhood obesity; and level of currently treated illness and childhood obesity (the management plan for children with chronic illness is potentially modifiable). The recommendations are to ensure that every child meets the PA guidelines, and any child with a chronic illness should receive a holistic package to prevent or manage obesity.

Biography:

Abhinav Yadav has completed his masters in sports physical therapy at the age 25 from Guru Nanak Dev University, India, and is currently pursuing his clinical doctoral from Utica College, NY. He has been associated with the field of sports medicine and physiotherapy for last 5 years and has 2 certifications in field of athlete training as well (CSCS-NSCA & CPT-ACSM). He is a licenced physical thrapist in state of New York since Feb 2014.

Abstract:

The purpose of investigation was to observe effects of a combination of long distance cycling and strength training on body composition (body weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass and total body water) aerobic fitness, and how it can help in managing the new emerging epidemic of Sarcopenic Obesity (SO). 50-year-old male, recreational cyclist Dr. Unni Karunakara, after retiring from the post if international president of MSF (Medicine San Frontieres) had planned to go for a pan-Indian tour on bycycle, from Sri-nagar to Trivandrum, covering total of over 5500 kilometers, to increase awareness about medical social work and generate funds for MSF. Considering his age and sedentary lifestyle, we formulated a plan to work for increments in his muscle mass and trying to reduce the percentage of fat in his body which was on the higher side. Body compositions, basal metabolic rate, % Body Fat, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass measured by In-Body BIA (Bio-Impedance Analyzer), VO2Max by Monark Bike (Astrand Protocol). He was evaluated 3 times in total, one initial assessment, 1 assessment during the tour and a final assessment to compare overall values. SO refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with increasing age and increment in the adiposity of an individual. Traditional weight loss programs are not very effective in controlling this increasing epidemic. A combination of strength training and aerobic exercises are required for improvement in the longer run.

Biography:

Lori Liebl completed her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Her area of research focuses on Family Centered Care in the Promotion of Healthy Behaviors; specifically to the treatment of obesity. Dr. Liebl has facilitated regional discussions and orally presented the findings from her research along with other content related to management of weight loss. Additionally, she has taught college and university courses related to health promotion and family behavioral lifestyle changes.

Abstract:

Bariatric surgery is an effective sustainable weight loss method for individuals who are obese. Unfortunately, weight gain still occurs in the years following surgery. The majority of studies examine a homogeneous demographic group of adult post-bariatric surgical patients who have gone through initial weight loss, which occurs within the first 12 to 18 months post-surgery. Maintenance of weight loss begins two years after bariatric surgery; however, there is a paucity of research examining experiences during this period. The lack of conclusive research related to interactions between intrapersonal, behavioral, and environmental influences suggests a need to develop a better understanding of patients’ experiences related to weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory provided the framework for the semi-structured, in-person interviews for this qualitative descriptive study. This study describes the experiences of adults who were successful and unsuccessful in maintaining weight loss post-bariatric surgery. Successful participants n=14, identified negative attitudes, influences, and behaviors; modification of their environment to support their desired healthy behavior occurred. Unsuccessful participants n=6, failed to modify or alter their environment to support healthy behaviors. In order to maintain weight loss, an individual must seek out and surround themselves with positive family and peer support influences. Therapeutic education and counseling for individuals, couples, and families should occur during all stages of bariatric surgery. Communication techniques to empower clients to deflect negative comments and influences in a healthy constructive manner should be taught. Support groups to accommodate the various stages of bariatric surgery should be arranged.

Biography:

Emmanuel Mukwevho has completed his PhD in 2010 from University of Cape Town, South Africa in Anatomy and Cell Biology. He is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at North West University, South Africa. He has published both nationally and intaernationally in reputed journals and his specialiality is in Obesity and Diabetes where he lead the Diabetes & Obesity Therapeutics Research group at North West University.

Abstract:

CaMKII regulates many pathways involved in the regulation of various cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in myriad health benefits. Exercise is a key activator of CaMKII, and shown to improve many functional activities in individuals who exercise compared with those who do not exercise, however the mechanism involved not yet fully elucidated, which became the objective of this study. In this study using rats, we investigated various lipids metabolism for both saturated and non-saturated fatty acids in rats that exercised, non-exercised and exercised+KN93 (CaMKII inhibitor). Lipids were analysed using GC×GC TOFMS. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid which are monounsaturated fatty acids known to promote insulin sensitivity and improve glycaemic control were investigated. Levels of the exercise group showed ~2.0 fold increase compared with the non-exercise (control) group. Abolishing CaMKII activity by administration of KN93 significantly decreased exercise-induced Palmitoleic acid levels. Oleic acid levels of the exercise group were ~ 4.1 folds higher than the non-exercise group and followed the same pattern as Palmitoleic acid. Lauric acid is a saturated fatty acid, which increases fatty acid needed for better health. The exercise group showed ~ 8.7 fold increase compared with the non-exercise group of Lauric acid. The exercise + KN93 group significantly reduced induction by ~2.5 fold compared with the exercise group. On the other hand, Myristic acid and palmitic acid which are saturated fatty acids known to increase risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The myristic acid level of the exercise group decreased by ~3.4 fold compared with the control group, whereas the exercise + KN93 group significantly increased by ~4.3 compared with the exercise group. In conclusion, CaMKII can reduce the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Biography:

Houjian Cai, is completing his Phd from the University of Georgia, USA. He has Observed on the Epidemiological studies for studying the prostrate cancer.

Abstract:

Epidemiological studies suggest that a high fat diet or certain saturated fats are associated with advanced stages and/or mortality of prostate cancer. However, the molecular basis of this association is unknown. We demonstrate that Src kinase modulates prostate tumor growth under a diet high in saturated fatty acids. Knockdown of Src kinase prevented high fat diet-induced tumor growth, whereas a high fat diet significantly accelerated prostate tumorigenesis mediated by overexpression of Src kinase. We present evidence that dietary saturated fatty acids accelerate Src-mediated tumorigenesis by two complementary mechanisms that result in increased Src kinase signaling in detergent resistant membranes. The mechanisms include altering ceramide compositions and elevated myristoylation of Src kinase. The combination of these dual effects accelerated Src-dependent MAPK pathway signaling and prostate tumorigenesis. Targeting myristoylation of Src kinase, which is required for its association at the cellular membrane, inhibited high fat diet accelerated Src-mediated tumorigenesis. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the association of a high fat diet with prostate tumor progression.The association between the risk of prostate cancer development and progression and a high fat diet is controversial. We provide evidence that Src kinase, a frequently up-regulated oncogene in prostate cancer mediates high fat diet accelerated tumor progression. We demonstrate a mechanistic understanding of how dietary saturated fatty acids influence Src-mediated prostate cancer progression through alteration of plasma membrane compositions and protein acylation. This study suggests that diet choice can be used as a strategy in modulating tumor progression of cancer patients, and provides therapeutic approaches for inhibiting Src-induced cancer progression. For prostate cancer survivors, a diet low in saturated fat may be beneficial in reducing the risk of Src-mediated aggressive prostate cancer

Biography:

Javad Arian Nezhad, Director at Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute.

Abstract:

Introduction: Obesity (almost) duplicates the incidence of sexual disorder. Sexual concern and sexual dysfunction in society is epidemic. The aim of this study is (the) evaluation (investigation) of the effect of low calorie diet on level of sexual ability and desire of people who are overweight, fat and obese.
Material and Method: In this study volunteer (61 women and 10 men) aged between 20 and 25 years old with BMI of 25-47 Km2 who suffered from being overweight, fat and obese and had active partner were selected by purposeful sampling. These people did not have the history of thyroid hormone abnormality, diabetes, anemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, pelvic and genital trace infection, and physical disability. Height, weight, body fat percentage and body mass index of patients were measured by using bascule and digital height gauge and electronic resistance device; the nutrition status, diet habits and sexual ability and desire were evaluated by Arizona questionnaire. . Patients were visited (checked) every week for two months, in each visit, weight of patients was measured and according to that, a new program was given. At the end of the low calorie diet program intervention, the Arizona was completed again by patients.
Results:Weight and body mass index in both sex significantly decreased p<0.05.Fat percentage for women also significantly decreased (p<0.05) whereas fat percentage of men body decreased but not significantly. The score of sexual ability in both sexes has not changed.
Conclusion: According to the results, the intervention of the low calorie diet program caused a decrease in weight and BMI but there has been no effect on the score of Arizona questionnaire.

Biography:

Robert Wildman received his PhD in Human Nutrition from The Ohio State University and is a registered dietitian. He is the author of four books including The Nutritionist: Food, Nutrition & Optimal Health, Advanced Human Nutrition, Sport & Fitness Nutrition. He is Chief Science Officer for Dymatize Nutrition (Post Foods) and is an adjunct research faculty at Kansas State University. He has published over 50 papers and abstracts and speaks at conferences and expos around the world.

Abstract:

Over the past few decades several nutritional platforms have been popularized to support healthy weight loss and maintenance. Manipulations in the level of calories along with manipulations in fat and/or carbohydrate energy (total and percent) were and still are prominent in various programs. Along the way one of the most important macronutrients emerged in the form of protein and as some interesting benefits with regard to weight loss and body leaning were revealed. Historically, protein has long been recommended in a more restricted sense and as a more minor contributor of daily calories often positioned as problematic if “too much” is consumed. However, today protein is recognized for its unique and strategic applications to weight control. For instance, protein is the most thermogenic energy nutrient leading to more calories expended in response to a meal and potentially daily. Plus, protein is more satiating than carbohydrate and fat potentially leading to food volume and choice control benefits. Further still research suggests that the base protein recommendations (e.g. RDA) are elevated during weight reduction and body leaning. Based on the heightened awareness of the importance of protein, many health care practitioners, nutritionists and personal trainers are wanting more guidance for daily protein targets and distribution along with a better understanding of differences between protein types. In this presentation the benefits of different protein types along with daily targets and distribution will be presented based on the most current, research-based information

Biography:

Ryan Roberts is an undergraduate student at Utah Valley University, and anticipates graduation in fall of 2016. He has been a research assistant for Professors Chris Anderson and Ron Hammond at Utah Valley University for four months.

Abstract:

Background: Previous research shows that approximately 20%-33% of Americans inaccurately predict their BMI category. This can be a problem since perception contributes to one’s perceived need to integrate healthy behaviors into their lifestyle, and also reduce one’s positive self-image. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to first, determine the frequency of college students who inaccurately predicted their BMI category and second, what factors may contribute to that accuracy, if any. This is important as little research has been done in both the accuracy, and the factors that contribute to it. Method: 117 college students agreed to answer questions in a survey format, then have anthropometric measurements taken. The survey included items such as specific lifestyle behaviors, recent weight history and self-perception. After, we took weight and body circumference measurements, and compared them to the participants’ perception of self. Results: 38% of our sample inaccurately predicted their BMI category. Many of the inaccurate perceivers were in the normal and overweight category. Discussion: Clinicians would benefit from the awareness of what can skew one’s self-perception, and make necessary adjustments. Educators can benefit from this study by making lesson plan changes to decrease the risk of students misperceiving their weight status. Future implications for researchers will be discussed as well.

Biography:

Sam El-Osta is head of the Human Epigenetics and Epigenomics Profiling Centre at the Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia. He is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow and his ongoing independent research is currently funded with international and national grants. He has contributed more than 150 articles and publishes research that is highly influential in the field of transcription and chromatin biology. His research is in the Faculty of 1000 Biology and Nature Milestones for transcription regulation as well as in Circulation Research most read articles for 2010-2011 "honor roll" clearly demonstrate international recognition. While, he frequently writes editorials, his research is also recognized in editorials as well as recently awarded in the "Anthology" of the most significant science published in Circulation Research for 2013. He has a reputation for excellence in training, research and technology and has international postdoctoral postings as well as multidisciplinary collaborative projects with the European Science Foundation and FP7-European Commission. He is a recipient of the JDRF innovation award for type 1 diabetes research and serves on national panel committees as well international advisory appointments. His reputation for excellence in training, research and technology continues to rise at an international level. He is recognized by the AMGEN Society as the "Australian Medical Researcher of the Year".

Abstract:

Metabolic memory is the name given to the phenomenon whereby previous exposure to metabolic perturbations has long-lasting patho-physiological effects, well after the event has dissipated. For example, the Diabetes Control Complications Trial (DCCT) and the subsequent Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study revealed that a period of suboptimal glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, such as that experienced by those in the conventional arm, continues to be a risk factor for adverse outcomes, when compared to those who were initially intensively treated, despite the fact that glycemic control has subsequently been similar in the two cohorts for over a decade. Recent work following the UKPDS cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes also suggests that the benefits of glucose control can be sustained well beyond the period of the initial trial of intensified treatment. We have shown in animal models of diabetes, that restoring normoglycemia does not reduce atherosclerosis. Indeed, the pro-inflammatory impact of hyperglycemia persists and is similar to that seen in mice with chronic hyperglycemia. Although significant progress has recently been made in elucidating the genetics of T1D, the non-genetic component remains poorly defined. In this lecture we present key preliminary data examining genome-wide DNA methylation of the FinnDiane type 1 diabetes cohort.

Biography:

Mohammed Tarrabain earned his medical degree from the American University of Beirut in 2003. He completed his family medicine residency at University of Pittsburgh in 2007. He practiced family medicine in New Hampshire and Rhode Island before moving to Indiana in 2012 to continue working in primary care. • American Board certified in Family medicine (2007) and Obesity medicine (2013). Member of the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Society of Bariatric Physicians and the Obesity Action Coalition.

Abstract:

Background- As family physicians deal on a daily basis with obesity and all its comorbidities, it was important to introduce new modalities and try to achieve better results. Methods- We present the material and tools utilized in a primary care clinic (Indiana, USA) after physician to start (March 2014) a wt loss program in conjunction with routine care. Obese patients were asked to join program then given an Obesity History Form (1); with assessment of patients' motivation and readiness to change. Then a brief introduction to low GI carb and high protein diet and baseline lab panel obtained. At the second visit the metabolic profile was reviewed, and two other steps were performed: first, brief counseling lifestyle (done by the physician). Second, was a modified Eating Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ) (2), then introduction of prescribed Rx. Patient was then seen in two weeks to monitor drug and diet changes (repeat EBQ), and plans reviewed. Then every month afterwards (6 months) with focus on patients’ specific comorbidities behavioral and medical. Results- Details to follow. Note: so far, at least 82 obese patients (av. age 44, av. BMI 37.8) completed the wt loss program. Then data is analyzed as %wt loss and CV risk profile improvement. Conclusion- Family physicians can do a great job in treating obesity.

Biography:

Sonia Faruqi attended Darmouth College, where she studied Economics, Government, and Public Policy. Upon graduating with several honors and recognitions, Sonia worked at an investment bank on Wall Street. Later, her volunteer vacation at a dairy farm turned into the beginning of a global expedition into the deepest, darkest recesses of the animal agriculture industry. Sonia met and befriended farmers, contract growers, executives, and slaughter workers, even living with some of them. The story of her unprecedented quest, Project Animal Farm, aims to make the world a better place for all its inhabitants.

Abstract:

Sonia attended Darmouth College, where she studied Economics, Government, and Public Policy. Upon graduating with several honors and recognitions, Sonia worked at an investment bank on Wall Street. Later, her volunteer vacation at a dairy farm turned into the beginning of a global expedition into the deepest, darkest recesses of the animal agriculture industry. Sonia met and befriended farmers, contract growers, executives, and slaughter workers, even living with some of them. The story of her unprecedented quest, Project Animal Farm, aims to make the world a better place for all its inhabitants.

Biography:

Amanda Harrist completed her Ph.D. in Human Ecology and Child Development in 1991 from The University of Tennessee. She is a professor of Child Development in Oklahoma State University’s Dept. of Human Development and Family Science and is Associate Director for the College of Human Science’s Center for Family Resilience. She has published more than 30 papers in peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes, is series co editor for Springer Publisher’s book series, Emerging Issues and Alternative Perspectives on Strengthening Individuals and Families, and is past President for the Society for research in Human Development.

Abstract:

Purpose
The limited long-term effectiveness of child obesity treatment has been well-documented. Currently there is little understanding of what psycho-social (non-exercise and non-food related) variables lead to/exacerbate weight problems. Despite research showing (a) family involvement in treatment increases effectiveness, and (b) obese children are often bullied, few studies target psycho social dynamics in family and peer groups.
Methods This longitudinal study examined effectiveness of psycho-educational obesity treatment in five conditions: Family Lifestyle (FL; 12 sessions focused on healthy eating/activity; n = 37), Family Lifestyle/Family Dynamics (FL/FD) condition (12 sessions adding healthy family relationship content; n = 42), a Peer Group condition (FL/PG, FL/FD/PG), adding a 12-session anti rejection/inclusion curriculum, and a Control condition (n = 59). Twenty-nine schools were randomly assigned to condition. Anthropometric assessments were completed Pre-treatment (early 1st grade), post-treatment (late 1st grade), and each spring, 2nd-4th grade. Only children who were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 85 %tile) were included in analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression examined treatment effects, controlling for pre-treatment BMI.
Results Post-treatment, children in the FL intervention had significantly lower BMI-for-age scores than Control children (β = -.06; p = .02). However, by 2nd and 3rd grade, children in the PG condition had lower BMI-for-age (βs = -.06, -.49, ps = .05, .02), and by 4th grade, children in the FL/FD condition had lower BMIs than Control children (β = -.20, p = .03
Conclusion Results provide evidence for the long-term benefits of attending to family and peer-group psycho social dynamics in the treatment of child obesity.

Biography:

Monteillet Nicolas is Professor of Anthropology and has leaded the ANTRAC (Anthropologie Alimentaire des migrants d’Afrique Centrale) project on the nutritional transition in Cameroon and Gabon during 3 years. After a doctorate in Anthropology (Paris V-Sorbonne) awarded by the Best thesis prize for Humanities group of the Sorbonne, he teach in several universities (Paris V/EHESS/Lill3..). Having completed in 2011 his Habilitation to direct Research under the direction of P. Deshayes, in Lyon 2, he teaches in the FLSH of Libreville and has published 3 books and more than 12 papers. He has been member of the scientific committee of 3 seminars.

Abstract:

Fear of scarcity and seasonal insecurity lead many Central African peoples to associate stoutness with economic well being and health. Particularly in Cameroon and Gabon the rapid growth of obesity lead to think that this acceptance was a relevant risk factor for health workers. Based on samples from three ethnic background (West/South Cameroon and North Gabon) this study including 1800 subjects and qualitative data will show that simple qualitative inferences or statistics can’t explain the different ethnic prevalence. Depending on cultural food background, physical activity and body size perceptions, this paper will show the relevance of comparative studies to understand risk factor to improve preventive and nutritional training of obesity.

Biography:

Hajnal has completed her MSc in Food and Nutrition Policy in 2014. She also holds a BSc in Human Nutrition from the University of Westminster, London, UK.

Abstract:

The global obesity epidemic has been on the rise for the last four decades. Whilst energy gap models quantified the relationship between energy intake and expenditure, new research suggests that that there is one unstable element in the equation: the human being ( Maha et al., 2013; Swinburn 2001; Gortmaker 2011). It has been postulated that, if humans are left to their own devices, they fail to self-regulate their eating habits (Cooper and Kovacic, 2012). The Nudge concept, advocated by the UK Government and policy-makers seems an elegant almost too easy way to overcome failures in public health policy through behavior change. The aim of the project was to attempt to 1) explore Nudge Theory 2) investigate the political power motives and challenges and finally to 3) ascertain the role of Nudge Theory in UK obesity policy. Desk-based critical enquiry (rooted in critical theory) analysis method was used to explore the theoretical and conceptual connections between the State, power and practical- rhetorical shift currently occurring in obesity policy. It has been concluded that Nudge, embedded in neoliberal paternalism, managed through health system reorganization might not be the final answer to obesity epidemic. It is paramount, that behavioral interventions utilizing Nudge Theory (and including other behavioral economic models) needs to be clearly defined and should complement other public health interventions. Nudge concept should not be uniform – and not treated as one size fits all.

Biography:

Jennifer Pells is a clinical psychologist at Structure House, a residentially-based obesity treatment facility owned by Acadia Healthcare, located in Durham, NC. She has several research publications and numerous poster presentations involving obesity, behavioral weight management, and related issues such as persistent pain, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, and binge eating disorder.

Abstract:

Weight regain is a significant issue in behavioral obesity treatment despite efficacy of behavioral weight loss interventions during and in the initial months following treatment. Continued treatment contact may reduce regain, however, the most effective approach to continuing care is unclear and time-limited interventions with decreasing contact remain the standard. This observational study examined a residentially-based program that offers continuing care via return visits for adults with obesity. We evaluated return visit patterns and the association between return visits and weight maintenance. Weight and return visit data were analyzed for 1031 adults who attended the Structure House weight management program for the first time between 2008-2013. All participants included in this study had at least one follow-up visit. Over 6 years analyzed, 28% of participants completed at least one return visit, which was more common than multiple return visits (66% of participants vs. 34%). Analyses revealed significant weight loss from initial visit up to and during first return visit, but significantly smaller weight loss during the period between visits. The greatest weight loss (13%) was observed for participants who returned 6-12 months after initial visit. This data suggests an important role for additional treatment beyond initial program completion to improve weight loss and maintenance. Although ongoing treatment may be necessary to sustain continued weight loss, the ‘booster visit’ model may offer an additional or alternative option when continuous treatment is not feasible. A limitation was the lack of weight comparison data for participants who did not complete a return visit.

Biography:

Yu has completed his PhD and MD from New York University School of Medicine, postdoctoral studies from NYU and Columbia University, and residency and fellowship trainings from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He then did independent research at Columbia Medical Center as an NIH-sponsored Princepal Investigator. He served as director of Special Adult Nutrition and TPN Services and the nutrition fellowship program at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, and then medical director of Discovery Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. He is a practicing endocrinologist of the Northeast Medical Group, Yale New-Haven Health System and is the medical director of the Weight Loss and Diabetes Center, Greenwich Hospital in Connecutict. He has published many original research papers, review articles, book chapters, and, most recently, co-authored clinical practice guidelines sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/Amedican College of Endocrinology and The Obesity Society on healthy eating and weight management.

Abstract:

Body weight (or more precisely the body's fat mass) is regulated via multiple negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostatic equilibrium. Therefore, one finds that in a steady state during adulthood, a person's body weight is relatively stable over a long time period. Despite the moment to moment fluctuations of the food intake and the body's energy expenditure, the two constantly find ways to balance each other out without involving the conscious mind. This is true in both "normal weight" people and in people with obesity. Overwhelming experimental data support the notion that there is an internal "set point" upon which the homeostatic mechanisms operate. However, the "set point" homeostatic mechanisms fall short of explaining the current obesity epidemic. If body weight is determined by a genetically programmed set point, why are more and more people obese now than just a few short decades ago, when the population genome pool is considered identical to what we have now? In practical terms, if the set point determines the body weight, how does one lose weight long-term? It won’t happen unless the internal set point is lowered during the course. If a surgical procedure were to limit a person's ability to eat only, wouldn't it make the treated person suffer gravely if the treated person always feels hungry because he/she now weighs below his/her weight set point? In this presentation, we propose that the set point is subject to change. Moreover, we present data to show that actually both homeostatic and nonhomeostatic mechanisms are at work in any given individuals. There are two types of obesity that we term "metabolic obesity" and "hedonic obesity". Underlying the former is predominantly a raised body weight set point, whereas underlying the latter are the biological forces to seek body's hedonic balance instead, nonhomeostatic with regard to energetics. As flawed as these hedonic needs may be in certain people, they may result in sustained food intake behavior that overrides the opposite metabolic signals of energy surplus. The development of both metabolic obesity and hedonic obesity is strongly influenced by obesogenic factors, particularly the processed foods of dense energy and high caloric content. Reversal of obesity must rely on treatment modalities that specifically address the respective biological processes affected in metabolic and hedonic obesity.

Biography:

Prof. Umberto Cornelli was graduated in Medicine at the University of Milan in 1969. He started his collaboration with the Loyola University Medical School of Chicago in 1982 and has been studying oxidative stress. In 2001 he received an honorary degree in Science from the Loyola University of Chicago for his contribution to the study on senile dementia. From 2002 to 2008 was the president of SENB (European Society of Biological Nutrition. From 1968 to 2012 he was the author of about 200 publications, 4 books and 14 patents for drugs, food supplements, and analytical methods.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century and the capacity to face the problem using non-prescription medicine to support weight loss has been frequently criticized because of scarcity of preclinical data on body weight reduction and the poor clinical trials available. Polyglucosamine ( PG L112) is a LMWC (low molecular weight chitosan) that belongs to the category of the medical devices. It has been tested for the chemico-physical activity showing to be one of the best fat binder available [Froese WM, Ludlow ME. Food Nutr Sci 2014; 5: 1637-1643]. In particular previous studies documented that the product has very high affinity for oxidized lipids, which are known to be one of the main causes of gastrointestinal oxidative stress [Cornelli U et al. Phys Reg Med 2006; 1: 25-29]. Pharmacological studies have clarified its mechanism of action in modifying the microbiota and increasing the glucose elimination in feces [Bondiolotti G e al. Europ J Pharmac 2007; 567:155-158, Bondiolotti et al. Food Chem 2011;124 :978-982]. Double blind studies in humans comparing PG L112 Vs placebo have shown that the product in combination with a diet is more effective than the combination of diet +placebo [Cornelli U et al. Minerva Cardioang 2008;56:71-78, Pokhis K et al. BMC Obesity 2015;2: 25]. Similarly, double blind studies in obese subjects comparing the product Vs Orlistat confirmed the significant superiority of PG L112 in the body weight reduction with an irrelevant incidence of side effects [Stoll M et al BMC Obesity 2015 in press].

Biography:

Andrea M. P. Romani, MD, PhD, obtained his medical degree from the University of Siena, Italy and his PhD from the University of Turin, Italy. Upon completing his postdoctoral studies under Dr. Scarpa, he joined the faculty in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, where he is currently Associate Professor. Dr. Romani has published almost 90 peer review articles in high profile journals together with numerous invited reviews and book chapters. He is currently serving as an Editorial Board Member for Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Magnesium Research, World Journal of Gastro-Intestinal Physio-Pathology among others.

Abstract:

A decrease in tissue and serum Mg2+ content has been observed in several endocrinopathies including metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Yet, it has not been elucidated to which extent an altered Mg2+ homeostasis contributes to the onset of these pathologies and/or their complications. Our experimental observation in animals and in liver cells of human origin indicate that Mg2+ deficiency increases G6P entry into the endoplasmic reticulum, and results in an increased oxidation by H6PD. The associated increase in NADPH is then utilized by the 11β-HSD1 to convert inactive cortisone to active cortisol. Consistent with this hypothesis, administration of cortisone to Mg2+ deficient hepatocytes results in a marked production of cortisol, and in the enhanced expression of gluconeogenic genes. In addition, NADPH production support an increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis and intrahepatic triglycerides deposition as attested by the increased expression of fatty acids synthesis-related genes and triglycerides measurement. Furthermore, Mg2+-deficient hepatocytes present decreased insulin responsiveness, which is further compromised by cortisol production. Returning cellular Mg2+ content to physiological levels dramatically decreases cortisol production, and progressively renormalizes expression and activity of H6P, 11-HSD1, and cortisol-responsive genes. Investigation into the mechanism responsible for 11-HSD1 increased expression suggest the involvement of increased NFkB translocation to the nucleus and consequently enhanced IL-1 and TNFexpression in the process. Taken together, our results suggest that Mg2+ deficiency precedes the onset of metabolic syndrome, setting the conditions for an increased intrahepatic production of cortisol and a decreased insulin responsiveness by acting at multiple levels including NFkB translocation, and H6PD and 11-HSD1 activity and expression while providing a constant entry of G6P into the ER to support the activity of the latter enzymes.

Biography:

Lillian is a trained Nutritionist with basic degree in human nutrition and a Master degree in Nutritional Biochemistry. She is currently a lecturer at the department of Home economics, Federal College of Education (Technical) Lagos Nigeria.

Abstract:

The introduction and improved access to antiretroviral therapy has changed the once deadly infection to a chronic medical condition, resulting in a dramatic change in causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected individuals. Obesity and its cardiovascular sequel are increasingly been reported in literature. However, data on the burden, trends and risk factors for obesity are sparse in countries worse hit by the epidemic. The objective of the study was to investigate the trend and risk factors for obesity among a cohort of HIV infected adults on antiretroviral therapy.We evaluated prospectively collected data in an ongoing observational study at the HIV treatment centre, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. Patients that initiated treatment between January 2004 and December 2009, and completed 5 year follow up were included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors for obesity among the cohort. Of the 8819 patients, 15.8% were wasted, 12.7% underweight, 19.6% overweight and 7.4% were obese at baseline. After five years follow up, only 2.3 % and 3.6% respectively were wasted and underweight. 35.7% and 26.5% respectively were overweight and obese. Female gender (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.81-2.67) and having a CD4 count above 350 (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 2.13 – 3.09) were found to be independent risk factors for obesity at multivariate analysis. Type of ARV drug, age, marital status, viral load, and haemoglobin levels did not retain their independent association with obesity after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity is highly prevalent among HIV infected Nigerians on antiretroviral therapy and is associated with female gender and high CD4 count. Programme targeted at prevention of obesity and its sequel should be integrated into routine HIV care.

Biography:

SungHyen Lee has completed her PhD at the age of 34 years from Seoul National University and postdoctoral studies from ARS-USDA. She is the scientist of RDA, a national research institute in Korea. She has published more than 125 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of many nutrition and immunology societies.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate suppressive effects of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) aleurone layer extract (BRE) on body fat, serum lipid, and hormone levels in ovariectomized rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n=8/group): Sham operated group (S); ovariectomized control group (OVX); ovariectomized group treated with isoflavone 10 mg/kg for body weight (IF); ovariectomized group treated with BRE at 30 or 90 mg/kg for body weight (BRE-30 or -90). High fat diet (45% calories from fat) was fed to all rats for 12 weeks. Body weight gain, body fat weight, and adiposity index increased in the OVX group, but they significantly decreased in IF or BRE supplementation. Serum triacylglyceride and leptin levels decreased in BRE groups while serum adiponectin level significantly increased compared to that of the OVX group. Hepatic total lipid, triacylglyceride, or cholesterol levels increased in the OVX group, but they decreased in BRE supplementation (p>0.05). These data suggest that black rice aleurone layer may be a useful food source to decrease obesity and its related diseases by modulating lipid metabolism in estrogen-deficiency model.

Biography:

David D. Mphuthi Current PhD candidate with North West University (SA) and has completed M.Cur, B.Cur (Adm et Ed), Dip. Nephrology, RN. David is a PhD scholar in Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) also a lecturer in the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa. David has published an article in the Journal of Renal Nursing in 2013.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO). This condition has global burden as it is now growing at an alarming rate globally. The study aimed at prompting the perceptions of the indigenous people about obesity, and the possible causes. The indigenous people, although they still believe in nature, some of their cultural practices like hunting have been lost due to urbanization. About 1.3 billion people are believed to be overweight globally. In 1998 a survey was done in South Africa which included women between ages 15-95. This survey showed African women being the highest in being overweight. Literature check and small scale research was performed so as to describe the perceptions of the indigenous women’s perceptions of obesity. Interviews were done amongst those who agreed to participate in the study. Although indigenous people still try all the means to maintain the healthy living style, their integration into the urban areas has resulted in them loosing most of their living ways which is perceived as the cause of obesity amongst the indigenous women. Most of the indigenous people no longer go hunting and that has resulted in accumulation of fat with resultant obesity. Lack of plying areas for the young boys and girls was also viewed as the cause. Fear of children being kidnapped was also mentioned. Cultural practices as well plating as described by the participants can play an important role in alleviating the causes of obesity, especially amongst the Africans.

Biography:

Bratati Banerjee completed Diploma in Public Health, DNB in Social & Preventive Medicine, PG Diploma in Hospital & Health Management, WHO Fellowship in Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases. She is Professor, Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. She has published 30 papers in indexed national and international journals. She is author of a book Public Health Legislation in India and Editor of a book Health Policies and Programmes in India. She is member of Editorial Board of reputed journals and is conducting several funded research projects. Her complete biography was included in ‘Marquis Who’s who in the World’ in 2007, 2008, 2009.

Abstract:

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people annually, 82% of which is contributed by four groups of diseases – cardiovascular diseases (17.5 million), cancers (8.2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). Four behavioral risk factors – tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets – increase the risk of dying from NCDs. These risk factors, in turn precipitate four physiologic/metabolic risk factors – obesity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood glucose, dyslipidemia. Obesity, a major contributor to mortality and morbidity, has more than doubled in the world since 1980. In 2014, 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight and 13% were obese. Stress is a single major parameter that is individually related to all the risk factors as well as to the major NCDs. Stress is also intimately related to obesity through release of glucocorticoids and catecholamine’s which alter appetite regulation and metabolism, and through increased intake and unhealthy diet, and harmful use of alcohol. Yoga and meditation trace their origin to India, the first references of these having been found in scriptures as far back as the sixth century BC. Since then these have been cultivated over centuries and have gained popularity to develop a more positive attitude and thus reduce stress. Role of healthy diet and increased physical activity in weight management has been established since long. Present review throws light upon the role of mediation in prevention of obesity, through regulation of release of stress hormones and reduction of harmful behavioral risk factors.

Biography:

She has Obtained Ph.D (Nutrition & Dietetics) degree from the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. She has Completed her M.Sc (Human Nutrition from the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria West Africa. She has risen to the position of a Principal Lecturer (P/Lec). Position of responsibilities held were; Past Head of Department (HOD) Food Technology Department, Strategic Business Unit of MAPOLY Business Ventures, Current Head, Nutrition and Dietetics Department. She is a member of the following Professional Body, MNIFST, MSAFOST, MNSN

Abstract:

Background
The upsurge in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic worldwide and in Nigeria in particular is a challenge for urgent action in the adoption of appropriate dietary management. Lowering the glycemic index of meals can improve the control of diabetics and other nutritional disease.
Methodology
Hence this study was carried out to determine the glycemic index of meals produced from cocoyam, plantain and cowpea flour blend. Three ratios, namely 95/5, 75/25 and 50/50 each were produced from differently processed cocoyam/plantain and cocoyam/cowpea flour respectively. Twelve (12) blends were selected and fed to the rats. A total of thirty (30) healthy volunteers were recruited by random sampling and further divided into ten (10) volunteers each. Pre-tested structure questionnaire was used to collected information on the clinical and anthropometric data. Blood samples were taken from the finger tips by prickling methods.

Results
The results of socio-economic characteristic showed that majority of subjects were within the age range of 20-39 years. The means body mass index was 25.24kg/m2. The mean fasting blood sugar was 73.11mmol/L. The values of starch for both CP were 76.82 to 66.52, 67.63 to 50.49, 67.63 to 50.49 and 72.59 to 53.16, 68.59 to 40.48, 67.63 to 50.49 respectively. The DM for ratio 50:50 were high while 95:50 were lower for CC respectively but the percentage starch were lower for ratio 50:50 and higher for 95:5 respectively. The level of substitution adopted influenced the Glycemic Index (GI), ratio 50:50 had medium G.I of 60, 61 and 58 for SD, DD and OV for CC while SD and DD 50:50 for CP blends had low G.I of 59, 58 and 58 respectively. Conclusion
The study showed that CP of 50:50 blends had better G.I and blood profile. Most of 95:5, 75:25 and 50:50 CP and CC can be consumed by all age groups except 95:5 blends are recommended only for its high dense energy compared to 50:50 blends.

Biography:

Javad Arian Nezhad, Director at Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute, Iran

Abstract:

Introduction: There were many ways to lose a lot of weight in a short amount of time.However, most of them require you to be hungry and unsatisfied. Aim of this study was Effect of sugar on diets in first week of therapy.
Methods: this was clinical study. Sample size was 100 people, Samples were people who were obesity and have weights more than 80 KG. Samples divided into two groups. In first group all sugar used omitted (sauce, syrups, gums and all sugar components). In second groups only have one meal sugar component (they could use sugar once a week). Exclusive criteria were diabetes, thyroid and people which use special drugs. Then after one month all parameter like weight loss, BMI, weights, HDL, LDL measured. All data gathered and used SPSS for measuring. Used chi-square , T-student and correlation tests in this study.
Results: results shows that in first group 5.6 percent more than second group have weight loss and there was significant relationship between cut whole sugar and weight loss, BMI (Body Mass Index) in groups (p= 0.05).
Conclusion: omitting sugar cause to weight loss, recommendation is to change white sugar to brown sugar and change with other components like, palm and free sugar components.

Biography:

Dassanayake has read for his MPhill degree in Anthopometry and exercise science from 2012 to 2014 at University of Peradeniya. He is currently working as a lecturer at Allied Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo and the coordinator of the clinical stream of the BSc physiotherapy degree program. He has published several research works being the initiatives of the Physiotherapy degree program in Sri Lanka. He serves as an advisor to PhysioBD magazine Bangladesh and editor of the Sri Lanka Association of Exercise and Sports Science

Abstract:

This study was conducted with the objective of assessing and comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat of national level female teenage swimmers and age and sex matched non athletic non swimmers in Sri Lanka as the childhood obesity has become a worldwide health problem which is solutions are being searched for. 90 female teenage swimmers who qualified for the School Nationals Meet were recruited to the study and also similar numbers of age, sex and geographical area matched controls. BMI was calculated using the body weight and height while the body fat was analyzed using the seven site skin fold method. In our results, statistical significance was found in mean BMI scores (kg/m2) and Lean Body Weight (LBW) of female swimmers (MBMI=19.03, SD=1.47 and MLBW=42.03, SD=3.74) and non-swimmers (MBMI=22.34, SD=3.07 and MLBW=39.31, SD=2.24) with a p value 0.0001. Mean fat weight (FW) in kg and Fat percentage (Fat %) of female swimmers (MFW=9.39, SD=1.93 and MFat%=18.22, SD=3.35) and non-swimmers (MFW=13.28, SD=2.24 and MFat%=25.11, SD=3.08) were statistically significant with p values for FW 0.001 and for Fat % 0.0001 respectively. This concludes that fat deposition is higher in female non athletic non swimmers from their teen ages which may lead to complicated health problems in there later lives. Swimming has caused to keep fat weight at a lower level and lean body mass at a higher level and therefore swimming can be recommended for children to control their body fat.

Biography:

Lynne Chepulis is a Senior Lecturer and Faculty Research Leader at Waiariki Institute of Technology in New Zealand. She completed her Ph.D in 2008, studying the effects of honeys versus different sugars, and their effects on obesity, cardiovascular disease and cognitive function. Since then, Lynne has led a number of large studies and clinical trials, investigating products that can improve glycemic control and methods of improving nutritional literacy. She has worked both in industry and in academia, and currently has more than 30 published articles, editorials and radio outputs.

Abstract:

Obesity is epidemic, and New Zealand is now the fourth most obese country in the OECD with nearly 2/3 of adults and 1/3 of children being overweight/obese.1Nurses are considered to be the frontline interface between patients and healthcare, and they play a key public health role in the prevention and management of obesity. However, data suggests that nurses in New Zealand are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population despite their knowledge and experiences of the consequences.2 During 2013-2015 nearly 400 undergraduate nursing students in two nursing schools (one regional, one metropolitan) were evaluated for nutritional knowledge and/or measures of cardiovascular disease and obesity. Results demonstrated that the majority of nursing students have a poor level of nutritional literacy, with Maori, Asians and Pacific Islanders having a lower knowledge level than New Zealanders of European descent. More than two thirds of the students measured had a BMI within the overweight or obese weight range (> 25 kg/m2), although their blood results (HbA1c, lipid profile) indicated that only a minimal number of participants demonstrated any current risk of glucose intolerance or cardiovascular disease. However, with a mean age of less than 30 years it is likely that this group will develop significant obesity-related consequences in later life. In conclusion, it appears that the undergraduate nursing population in New Zealand is not well educated in nutrition and its impact on health/wellness. Many students are not educated adequately for this aspect of their professional role, and this should be addressed in future curricula.

Biography:

Joanna Brecher is a current medical student at the University of Manchester, having achieved a B.Sc (Hons) in Medical Sciences from the University of St Andrews in 2014. She has a specialist interest in the prevention of childhood obesity and is avidly working towards a career in bariatric medicine. She has taken a one-year hiatus from her medical studies to pursue a research Masters degree in Global Health Science, comprising original research into current health promotion methods to tackle obesity. She is a collaborative author on two peer-reviewed research articles accepted for publication in high-impact journals for early 2016.

Abstract:

FTO has been recognized as one of the principle candidate genes predisposing to common obesity in humans and numerous weight-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of FTO have been identified. However, understanding of the mechanism of action by which FTO contributes to obesity is limited. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the hypothesis that weight-associated variants of the FTO gene elicit their effect on adiposity by influencing eating behaviour. To achieve this objective, an exhaustive database search was conducted, with 16 studies selected for analysis after relevance screening in line with PRISMA guidelines and rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effects of five FTO SNPs were assessed across the 16 studies: rs9939609, rs1421085, rs17817449, rs1121980 and rs9939973. All five of the SNPs were significantly associated with increased adiposity in at least one study. The rs9939609 SNP was significantly related to multiple appetitive behaviours with the potential to predispose to obesity, including: increased energy and fat intake, risky eating behaviour, decreased satiety responsiveness and preference for energy-dense foods. The effects of the rs9939609 variant on appetite were predominately observed in children. The rs1421085, rs17817449, rs1121980 and rs9939973 variants were not linked to eating behaviour in either children or adults. These results provide insight into one possible mechanism by which FTO may contribute to obesity, specifically in children. One practical application of these results could be to encourage close monitoring of dietary intake in risk-allele carriers of the rs9939609 SNP as a method of obesity prevention.

Biography:

Her academic qualifications are Medical Doctor (M.D.) from ‘Universiti Sains Malaysia’ in 1991, Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) from ‘Universiti Malaya’ in 1996 and PhD. in Public Health from ‘Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia’ in 2014. She had served in Ministry of Health Malaysia and several municipal councils, and currently a medical lecturer at Community Health Department, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences at ‘University Putra Malaysia’. Her interest is in Islamic health promotion.

Abstract:

Yearly, Muslims refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk during the fasting month of Ramadan. Studies show that among those who fasted, there was significant weight loss at the end of that month. Significant weight loss within a month is one of the positive predicting factors for subsequent weight loss and also weight loss maintenance. Other contributing factors include reduced eating frequency and reduced carbohydrate intake. Unfortunately, studies have also shown that the weight lost during Ramadan is often regained within a month after Ramadan. To counteract this effect, Islamic voluntary fasting (fasting outside the month of Ramadan on selected days) can be adopted as a maintenance weight loss program, as studies have shown that adherence to a weight loss program is one of the main factors for further weight loss and weight maintenance. To sum up, obligatory Ramadan fasting and voluntary fasting according to the teachings of Islam can serve as a favorable opportunity for weight loss and maintenance of weight loss, especially for Muslims. As religion is an important part of an individual’s lifestyle, religious teachings supported by scientific principles are potentially promising health-promoting tools.

Biography:

Georgina Sposetti is Chief of Diabetes and Metabolism department at the Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas - Mar del Plata. She has also served as Co National Leader of ORIGIN trial, and as advisor in diabetes area at ECLA (Latin American Clinical Studies), member of the ethic committee at the Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas. She is currently working as National Leader for the DEVOTE trial. Sposetti has been involved in numerous clinical trials as a principal investigator and has been a speaker and presenter at various national and international conferences. She has also published articles in international journals.

Abstract:

Despite the extensive knowledge we have nowadays about Type 2 diabetes and its treatment, with more than 11 types of medications and more than 30 possible drug combinations available, approximately two-thirds of all T2D patients do not achieve the treatment goals. This may be explained by the fact that T2D is a complex disease with multiple physiopathological effects, including insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, hepatic gluconeogenesis increase and beta cell failure, among others. Today, getting the best drug combination and a good compliance for each patient is a great challenge, and physicians must be aware of all the drugs available and their potentials interactions. Thus, the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as a new family of oral antidiabetic drugs offer a new therapeutic approach in the treatment and control of T2D. Throughout history, glycosuria has been a sign of a poor metabolic control; nevertheless, glycosuria is becoming a new mechanism of treatment. The key difference of this new type of therapy that inhibits SGLT2 is that it is acting independently of insulin, so it gives us an opportunity to use it at many different stages during the natural history of the disease. Efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors includes not only reduction of HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose level but also a slight body weight and systolic blood pressure decrease. However we must carefully decide when will this type of drug can be helpful our patients. The most common adverse events reported with these drugs are genital mycotic and urinary tract infections.

Biography:

Kumaravel Velayutham completed his MD from Dr. MGR medical university and DNB endocrinology from national board, New Delhi. He is the director of the Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alpha hospital and research center, TN, India. He is the course director of Fellowship in clinical endocrinology. He has numerous publications in reputed journals has been serving as a guest editor. He has lectured and organized various national and international conferences. He is the principal investigator for many clinical trials and epidemiological studies. He was the project director and lead person in Childhood obesity prevention programme (CHOP).

Abstract:

“For the first time in human history, the number of overweight people rivals the number of underweight people. While the world’s underfed population has declined slightly since 1980 to 1.1 billion, the number of overweight people has surged to 1.1 billion” as quoted by the World Watch Institute in 2004. India being a developing country is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition along with demographic transition and is posed by the double threat of both under and over nutrition. Obesity has serious consequences when started in childhood, as there is a long period of exposure before they reach adulthood. There is big challenge in tackling childhood obesity in India, as there are also children who are undernourished. More important was that the obesity prevalence varied in different regions and different schools with in the same region. Since children spend most of their time in schools, we found that schools would be the best place for intervention both for prevention and management of obesity. We had identified school factors that predispose to childhood obesity and had suggested school based interventions in the management of obesity epidemic. This includes school based nutritional changes, increasing the energy expenditure through non-exercise associated thermogenesis (NEAT) like walking in classroom concept, behavior and psychological counseling to the teachers, parents and students.

Biography:

Maria Rosa Ciriolo is full Professor at the Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy. She is Head of the section “Biochemistry of aging” Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele “La Pisana” Rome, Italy. She is the Editorial Board Member of Genes & Nutrition; The open Nitric Oxide Journal; Frontiers in Cancer Molecular Targets and Therapeutics; MAP Kinase; Trends in Cell & Molecular Biology; Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment. She is author of more than 160 papers on high-ranking journals; 16 book chapters and 110 abstracts of International and National Congresses.

Abstract:

Adipocytes readapt their metabolism to external stimuli restraining stress conditions. Mitochondria represent the central core of these responses. Here we show that nutrient starvation in white and beige adipocytes causes generation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), mitonuclear protein imbalance as well as the induction of brown-related genes. A newly identified mitochondrial phosphorylated form of FoxO1 (mtFoxO1) drives this metabolic adaptation via an mtROS-dependent fashion. mtROS induces mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1, leading to mtFoxO1 dephosphorylation and nuclear accumulation. In nuclei mitochondrial-derived FoxO1 specifically induces the expression of SOD2, UCP1 and other marks of browning including mitochondrial fission. By forcing FoxO1 into mitochondria or down-regulating UCP1, we observed an enhanced mitochondrial stress, implying that adipocyte browning is an adaptive response to nutrient starvation. Collectively, our results highlight that mitonuclear shuttling of FoxO1 has a central role in the browning program and suggest the manipulation of its mitochondrial distribution as an attractive strategy to improve the metabolic function of adipose tissue.

Biography:

David D. Mphuthi Current PhD candidate with North West University (SA) and has completed M.Cur, B.Cur (Adm et Ed), Dip. Nephrology, RN. David is a PhD scholar in Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) also a lecturer in the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa. David has published an article in the Journal of Renal Nursing in 2013.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO). This condition has global burden as it is now growing at an alarming rate globally. The study aimed at prompting the perceptions of the indigenous people about obesity, and the possible causes. The indigenous people, although they still believe in nature, some of their cultural practices like hunting have been lost due to urbanization. About 1.3 billion people are believed to be overweight globally. In 1998 a survey was done in South Africa which included women between ages 15-95. This survey showed African women being the highest in being overweight. Literature check and small scale research was performed so as to describe the perceptions of the indigenous women’s perceptions of obesity. Interviews were done amongst those who agreed to participate in the study. Although indigenous people still try all the means to maintain the healthy living style, their integration into the urban areas has resulted in them loosing most of their living ways which is perceived as the cause of obesity amongst the indigenous women. Most of the indigenous people no longer go hunting and that has resulted in accumulation of fat with resultant obesity. Lack of plying areas for the young boys and girls was also viewed as the cause. Fear of children being kidnapped was also mentioned. Cultural practices as well plating as described by the participants can play an important role in alleviating the causes of obesity, especially amongst the Africans.

Biography:

Lillian is a trained Nutrionist with basic degree in human nutrition and a Master degree in Nutritional Biochemistry. She is currently a lecturer at the department of Home economics, Federal College of Education (Technical) Lagos Nigeria.

Abstract:

The introduction and improved access to antiretroviral therapy has changed the once deadly infection to a chronic medical condition, resulting in a dramatic change in causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected individuals. Obesity and its cardiovascular sequel are increasingly been reported in literature. However, data on the burden, trends and risk factors for obesity are sparse in countries worse hit by the epidemic. The objective of the study was to investigate the trend and risk factors for obesity among a cohort of HIV infected adults on antiretroviral therapy.We evaluated prospectively collected data in an ongoing observational study at the HIV treatment centre, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. Patients that initiated treatment between January 2004 and December 2009, and completed 5 year follow up were included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors for obesity among the cohort. Of the 8819 patients, 15.8% were wasted, 12.7% underweight, 19.6% overweight and 7.4% were obese at baseline. After five years follow up, only 2.3 % and 3.6% respectively were wasted and underweight. 35.7% and 26.5% respectively were overweight and obese. Female gender (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.81-2.67) and having a CD4 count above 350 (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 2.13 – 3.09) were found to be independent risk factors for obesity at multivariate analysis. Type of ARV drug, age, marital status, viral load, and haemoglobin levels did not retain their independent association with obesity after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity is highly prevalent among HIV infected Nigerians on antiretroviral therapy and is associated with female gender and high CD4 count. Programme targeted at prevention of obesity and its sequel should be integrated into routine HIV care.

Biography:

Radha Saraswathy, MSc honours, Panjab University, Chandigarh (1982), MPhil in Genetics and Cytogenetics (1984) and PhD in Medical genetics (1993) Bharathiar University.She is well trained to conduct both cytogenetic tests and molecular genetic tests to diagnose various genetic diseases. At present her research areas are: Genetic studies in Cardiology, Eye disorders, Diabetes and associated disorders and Cancerous and precancerous syndromes. She is working in collaboration with Govt. of Tamil Nadu for screening prediabetes in Vellore district. She joined VIT in Dec 2002 and now senior professor in biomolecules and genetics division; and was instrumental in bringing Masters Programme in Biomedical Genetics and Genetic counseling, Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Abstract:

The chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is alarmingly increasing rapidly. Obesity predisposes to many diseases. There are genetic and non genetic factors reported to be associated with obesity. Screening of pre-obesity individuals may be helpful in early management and prevention of other obesity associated diseases. In this study, the WHO Asia Pacific Guidelines 2000 was followed to classify the subjects on the basis of their BMI. A total of 300 Type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals were included. Pregnant women and subjects suffering from thyroid problems were excluded from the study. Demographic characteristics were analysed. Molecular analysis of the LEPR gene polymorphism was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). 14.62% were found to be pre-obese (2325) and 16.7% were Morbid Obese (BMI>30). 58.8%. The heterozygous and homozygous variants were associated with BMI. The pre-obese individuals showed 78.1% heterozygous and 21.8% homozygous variants as compared to the obese individuals (66% and 34% respectively). This study reports the association of LEPR polymorphisms on pre-obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in this ethnic population. Thus the prevalence of high risk group individuals could be identified and counseled, and medical intervention carried out for an early management.

Biography:

John David is an vibrant university professor in SHIATS university, Allahabad, in the field of Food and Dairy Technology, having a teaching experience of 21 years. He is a passionate research worker having more than 90 research publication in his credit. Prof. David has guided 45 M.Sc / M.Tech and 10 Ph.D. theses. He is a first class post graduate in Dairy Technology, Seed Technology and Business Administration. He has a flair for writing technical books and already written 7 books of national and international repute in the field of Food and Dairy Technology. Prof. David participated in many national and international conferences and presented research papers. He is an expert in Business Administration too. Prof. David is a regular examiner in number of universities namely, Allahabad Central University, PUSA Agricultural University, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Bihar Agricultural University, Chitrakoot University, U.P.Rajarshi Tandon Universty etc. An orator having proficiency in 10 different languages and a versatile expert for Food and Dairy Technology in All India Radio and Television (Door Darshan) programmes. He is a life member of several professional bodies like, IDA, DTSI, BRS, AGRO-BIOS, Intensive Agriculture and Progressive Research Journal etc. Several of his articles appeared in Hindustan Times, Times of India and other Indian dailies. Prof. David held many post of recognition like Registrar, Chairman, Editor and Research Coordinator in several committees of university. He has been bestowed with Young Scientist award in the year 2006 for his excellent research in the field of Food and Dairy Technology. In the year 2014, he has been honoured with “Pride of the Nation” (Rashtriya Gaurav), “Gem of Education” (Shiksha Ratan) and “Golden Citizen” award for his distinguished service to the nation in educational field.

Abstract:

Tomato is a classic ingredient for many western dishes and is absolute must for any self-respecting women in kitchen. It is one of the most important foods because of its nutritive value and due to its wide spread production. Tomato is a rich source of vitamin C and used as salad, soup, paste, puree, Ketchup, sauce and pickles. Now-a-days there is a great demand for low fat, low sugar but protein rich food items among the mass. Whey protein concentrate has the highest biological value and protein efficiency ratio as compared to other proteins, which makes it suitable for wide range of nutraceuticals and functional food systems. Whey protein concentrate is largely used for development of texture in food products and food formulations and for clinical diet. It is also used for health beverages, meat products, bakery products, confectionaries and protein supplementation of various coagulated milk products. An attempt has been made to enrich Tomato soup by admixing whey protein concentrate powder at different levels i.e. 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. Thus, it can be concluded that the enrichment of Tomato soup with whey protein concentrate will enhance the functional property of Tomato soup which may contribute largely to weight management. As per sensory evaluation concern, T3 (1.5% WPC) was best in chemical characteristics (Fat, Protein and T.S.) and overall acceptability

Biography:

Premanidhi Panda, M.D (MED), HON PhD in Diabetes, MRCP and FRCP has completed his M.B.B.S at the age of 24 years from Berhampur University, India and postdoctoral studies, M.D (MED) from Utkal University School of Medicine. He is the director of Dr. Panda Diabetes Institute, India, a premier Diabetes hospital cum research centre, India. He has worked In Tisco hospital, India, Benghazi Medical (Libya), Medwin Hospital with repute. He has been awarded as “India’s Best Doctor Award:-2013 (Diabetes)” by Medgate Today Survey. He has been awarded MRCP, RCP by Royal College of Physician And Surgeon of America in the year 2011. He has published more than 26 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute. He has been awarded several National & International awards for his contributions

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes—is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Obesity is a key player in the development of type 2 diabetes, but exactly how excess weight causes the disease isn't clear. “Diabetes and obesity are the biggest public health challenge of the 21st century.” India is heading towards a diabetic explosion with 70 million people. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country's population. As of 1999, diabetes affected 16 million (six percent) of Americans – an increase of 40 percent in just ten years. * In USA the obesity rate climbed from 12 percent to almost 20 percent. * In 2014 the diabetes and obesity rates increased 6 percent and 57 percent accordingly. * Every three seconds, someone is diagnosed with diabetes. * Both diabetes and obesity risk factors are often associated with race, age, and family history, it’s becoming more and more clear that the conveniences of modern life also contribute to the development of both diseases. For example, * Sedentary lifestyles * High fat, high energy diets (think “Super Size Me”) and convenient foods are known to lead to obesity – but do they also cause diabetes? * Most important role of junk foods has role in diabetes and obesity. Link between Obesity and Diabetes:- *Type II diabetes, about 80 to 90 percent are also diagnosed as obese. overweight places extra stress on your body in a variety of ways, including your body’s ability to maintain proper blood glucose levels. *Overweight can cause your body to become resistant to insulin. * If you already have diabetes, this means you will need to take even more insulin to get sugar into your cells. * And if you don’t have diabetes, the prolonged effects of the insulin resistance can eventually cause you to develop the disease. * Once you begin taking insulin to treat diabetes, you really don’t need as much food. Since your body is using the food properly, rather than wasting it, * Modifying your diet will help you prevent the weight gain often associated with taking insulin. In addition, be sure you monitor your blood glucose levels on a regular basis. New Treatments for Diabetes and Obesity:- Renin blocking drugs Used for Hypertension like lisinopril, enalapril, perindopril, ramipril, quinapril etc. may also be used eventually to treat diabetes and obesity, as well as insulin resistance. In various clinical trials, these drugs are showing positive results when it comes to improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the incidence of type II diabetes. Summary: - Obesity and diabetes can be prevented by following activity. *Healthy Weight. * increase your physical activity. *Give Vitamin * High fibre diet *Low carbohydrate diet *20-30Minuetes Of Brisk walk or any Activity *Fast food culture should be avoided.

Biography:

Kumaravel Velayutham completed his MD from Dr. MGR medical university and DNB endocrinology from national board, New Delhi. He is the director of the Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alpha hospital and research center, TN, India. He is the course director of Fellowship in clinical endocrinology. He has numerous publications in reputed journals has been serving as a guest editor. He has lectured and organized various national and international conferences. He is the principal investigator for many clinical trials and epidemiological studies. He was the project director and lead person in Childhood obesity prevention programme (CHOP).

Abstract:

“For the first time in human history, the number of overweight people rivals the number of underweight people. While the world’s underfed population has declined slightly since 1980 to 1.1 billion, the number of overweight people has surged to 1.1 billion” as quoted by the World Watch Institute in 2004. India being a developing country is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition along with demographic transition and is posed by the double threat of both under and over nutrition. Obesity has serious consequences when started in childhood, as there is a long period of exposure before they reach adulthood. There is big challenge in tackling childhood obesity in India, as there are also children who are undernourished. More important was that the obesity prevalence varied in different regions and different schools with in the same region. Since children spend most of their time in schools, we found that schools would be the best place for intervention both for prevention and management of obesity. We had identified school factors that predispose to childhood obesity and had suggested school based interventions in the management of obesity epidemic. This includes school based nutritional changes, increasing the energy expenditure through non-exercise associated thermogenesis (NEAT) like walking in classroom concept, behavior and psychological counseling to the teachers, parents and students.

Biography:

Robert Wildman received his PhD in Human Nutrition from The Ohio State University and is a registered dietitian. He is the author of four books including The Nutritionist: Food, Nutrition & Optimal Health, Advanced Human Nutrition, Sport & Fitness Nutrition. He is Chief Science Officer for Dymatize Nutrition (Post Foods) and is an adjunct research faculty at Kansas State University. He has published over 50 papers and abstracts and speaks at conferences and expos around the world.

Abstract:

Over the past few decades several nutritional platforms have been popularized to support healthy weight loss and maintenance. Manipulations in the level of calories along with manipulations in fat and/or carbohydrate energy (total and percent) were and still are prominent in various programs. Along the way one of the most important macronutrients emerged in the form of protein and as some interesting benefits with regard to weight loss and body leaning were revealed. Historically, protein has long been recommended in a more restricted sense and as a more minor contributor of daily calories often positioned as problematic if “too much” is consumed. However, today protein is recognized for its unique and strategic applications to weight control. For instance, protein is the most thermogenic energy nutrient leading to more calories expended in response to a meal and potentially daily. Plus, protein is more satiating than carbohydrate and fat potentially leading to food volume and choice control benefits. Further still research suggests that the base protein recommendations (e.g. RDA) are elevated during weight reduction and body leaning. Based on the heightened awareness of the importance of protein, many health care practitioners, nutritionists and personal trainers are wanting more guidance for daily protein targets and distribution along with a better understanding of differences between protein types. In this presentation the benefits of different protein types along with daily targets and distribution will be presented based on the most current, research-based information.

Biography:

Sam El-Osta is head of the Human Epigenetics and Epigenomics Profiling Centre at the Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia. He is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow and his ongoing independent research is currently funded with international and national grants. He has contributed more than 150 articles and publishes research that is highly influential in the field of transcription and chromatin biology. His research is in the Faculty of 1000 Biology and Nature Milestones for transcription regulation as well as in Circulation Research most read articles for 2010-2011 "honor roll" clearly demonstrate international recognition. While, he frequently writes editorials, his research is also recognized in editorials as well as recently awarded in the "Anthology" of the most significant science published in Circulation Research for 2013. He has a reputation for excellence in training, research and technology and has international postdoctoral postings as well as multidisciplinary collaborative projects with the European Science Foundation and FP7-European Commission. He is a recipient of the JDRF innovation award for type 1 diabetes research and serves on national panel committees as well international advisory appointments. His reputation for excellence in training, research and technology continues to rise at an international level. He is recognized by the AMGEN Society as the "Australian Medical Researcher of the Year".

Abstract:

Metabolic memory is the name given to the phenomenon whereby previous exposure to metabolic perturbations has long-lasting patho-physiological effects, well after the event has dissipated. For example, the Diabetes Control Complications Trial (DCCT) and the subsequent Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study revealed that a period of suboptimal glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, such as that experienced by those in the conventional arm, continues to be a risk factor for adverse outcomes, when compared to those who were initially intensively treated, despite the fact that glycemic control has subsequently been similar in the two cohorts for over a decade. Recent work following the UKPDS cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes also suggests that the benefits of glucose control can be sustained well beyond the period of the initial trial of intensified treatment. We have shown in animal models of diabetes, that restoring normoglycemia does not reduce atherosclerosis. Indeed, the pro-inflammatory impact of hyperglycemia persists and is similar to that seen in mice with chronic hyperglycemia. Although significant progress has recently been made in elucidating the genetics of T1D, the non-genetic component remains poorly defined. In this lecture we present key preliminary data examining genome-wide DNA methylation of the FinnDiane type 1 diabetes cohort.

Biography:

Lacey Durrance, MS, RD, LDN is a Registered Dietitian and author who received her education in Jacksonville, Florida resulting in a Master’s of Science Degree in Nutrition. Her professional experience includes 6 years of nutrition education including instructing at the local University, freelance writing, private nutrition consulting, outpatient nutrition counseling and corporate wellness program design and implementation. Specializing in corporate wellness, she leads the nutrition-specific programs for Florida Blue as the Nutrition Program Manager.

Abstract:

As we continue to target programs toward the treatment of obesity, many occur in the workplace. While often occurring in the form of a Lunch and Learn or wellness presentation, it is time for new and innovative services to aid our ability to reduce obesity rates. This presentation will educate attendees on how offering additional, innovative services in the nutrition space can improve engagement and impact weight status long-term. Feedback from these services will be shared including outcomes data and implementation strategies

Biography:

Andrea M. P. Romani, MD, PhD, obtained his medical degree from the University of Siena, Italy and his PhD from the University of Turin, Italy. Upon completing his postdoctoral studies under Dr. Scarpa, he joined the faculty in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, where he is currently Associate Professor. Dr. Romani has published almost 90 peer review articles in high profile journals together with numerous invited reviews and book chapters. He is currently serving as an Editorial Board Member for Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Magnesium Research, World Journal of Gastro-Intestinal Physio-Pathology among others.

Abstract:

A decrease in tissue and serum Mg2+ content has been observed in several endocrinopathies including metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Yet, it has not been elucidated to which extent an altered Mg2+ homeostasis contributes to the onset of these pathologies and/or their complications. Our experimental observation in animals and in liver cells of human origin indicate that Mg2+ deficiency increases G6P entry into the endoplasmic reticulum, and results in an increased oxidation by H6PD. The associated increase in NADPH is then utilized by the 11β-HSD1 to convert inactive cortisone to active cortisol. Consistent with this hypothesis, administration of cortisone to Mg2+ deficient hepatocytes results in a marked production of cortisol, and in the enhanced expression of gluconeogenic genes. In addition, NADPH production support an increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis and intrahepatic triglycerides deposition as attested by the increased expression of fatty acids synthesis-related genes and triglycerides measurement. Furthermore, Mg2+-deficient hepatocytes present decreased insulin responsiveness, which is further compromised by cortisol production. Returning cellular Mg2+ content to physiological levels dramatically decreases cortisol production, and progressively renormalizes expression and activity of H6P, 11-HSD1, and cortisol-responsive genes. Investigation into the mechanism responsible for 11-HSD1 increased expression suggest the involvement of increased NFkB translocation to the nucleus and consequently enhanced IL-1 and TNFexpression in the process. Taken together, our results suggest that Mg2+ deficiency precedes the onset of metabolic syndrome, setting the conditions for an increased intrahepatic production of cortisol and a decreased insulin responsiveness by acting at multiple levels including NFkB translocation, and H6PD and 11-HSD1 activity and expression while providing a constant entry of G6P into the ER to support the activity of the latter enzymes.

Biography:

Shenghui Wu has completed her PhD from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, MD from the Southeast University and postdoctoral training from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. She is an assistant professor of University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member.

Abstract:

The risk of type 2 diabetes associated with overweight/obesity appears to be influenced by the coexistence of other metabolic abnormalities. We compared the risk for diabetes in each of 4 categories of metabolic health and BMI. Participants were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a randomly selected Mexican American cohort in Texas on the US-Mexico border. Subjects were divided into 4 phenotypes according to metabolic health and BMI: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy overweight/obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese. Metabolic health was defined as having less than 2 metabolic abnormalities. Overweight/obese status was assessed by BMI higher than 25 kg/m2. Diabetes was defined by the 2010 ADA definition or by being on a diabetic medication. Among 3,247 participants, 878 were diagnosed with diabetes. The odds ratio for diabetes risk was 2.25 in the metabolically healthy overweight/obese phenotype (95% CI 1.34, 3.79), 3.78 (95% CI 1.57, 9.09) in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight phenotype and 5.39 (95% CI 3.16, 9.20) in metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese phenotype after adjusting for confounding factors compared with the metabolically healthy normal weight phenotype. Cubic spline modeling showed that the risk of diabetes with age was higher in the metabolically unhealthy than the metabolically healthy phenotype regardless of overweight/obesity status. Metabolically unhealthy subjects showed significantly increased risk for diabetes compared with metabolically healthy subjects, regardless of their weight. Greater focus on metabolic health appears to be a more effective target for prevention and control of diabetes than emphasis on weight loss alone.

Biography:

Sonia attended Darmouth College, where she studied Economics, Government, and Public Policy. Upon graduating with several honors and recognitions, Sonia worked at an investment bank on Wall Street. Later, her volunteer vacation at a dairy farm turned into the beginning of a global expedition into the deepest, darkest recesses of the animal agriculture industry. Sonia met and befriended farmers, contract growers, executives, and slaughter workers, even living with some of them. The story of her unprecedented quest, Project Animal Farm, aims to make the world a better place for all its inhabitants.

Abstract:

Sonia will discuss her experiences investigating animal farms around the world. Over the course of living with farmers, hitchhiking with strangers, and risking her life, she developed surprising insights and solutions—both about the food industry and herself. Sonia will offer a riveting and revealing look at what truly happens behind farm doors and will describe the impacts of factory farms on animal welfare, human health, and the environment. Sonia’s journey took her from top-secret egg warehouses in Canada to dairy feedlots in the United States, from farm offices in Mexico to lush pastures in Belize, from flocks of village chickens in Indonesia to factory farms in Malaysia. Sonia’s adventures around the world provided not only a front row seat to what the public doesn’t see and know about their food, but also gave her the opportunity to find solutions. With living and eating green becoming a hot topic in modern society, Sonia’s experiences, insights, and solutions are enthralling and riveting, and will especially be fitting at the 4th International Conference on Obesity and Weight Management.

Biography:

Yunbo Ke received his PhD in Biochemistry from Ohio State University in 1995. He is a research assistant professor at University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Ke has studied function of p21 activated kinase related to cardiovascular diseases since joining Department of Physiology and Biophysics at UIC in 1998. The work by Dr. Ke and his colleagues has defined Pak1 as a key signaling molecule that regulates cardiac excitation, contraction, hypertrophy, arrhythmia and heart failure. Function of Pak1 related to metabolism and obesity is his current research direction.

Abstract:

Abnormal accumulation of visceral fats is a major cause of obesity that prompts diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Gender specific advancement of obesity has been observed for a long time, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our studies indicate that the abundance and activity of p21 activated kinase-1 (Pak1) is a significant element in gender specific regulation of fat accumulation. In mice with Pak1 deficiency (Pak1-/-), there was a significant increase in expansion of adipose tissues in females. The enhanced adipose tissue growth in the Pak1-/- mice occurred especially in the visceral fat pads with adipocyte hypertrophy and higher body weight under standard chow diet compared to WT control mice. These changes were either much less or absent in males. Even though the Pak1-/- females had a higher body weight and much more fat accumulation, their food intake was significantly lower than the WT littermates. Pak1 deficiency is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, which occurred in both male and females. In adipose tissues of Pak1-/- females, expression of PGC1-alpha and Cox8b were down regulated and phosphorylation of Akt was increased suggesting Pak1 involvement in regulation of energy metabolism and adipocyte physiology.

Biography:

George Guirguis attended Drew University, Madison, NJ, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA completed residency in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ. He is a Maternal Fetal Medicine fellow at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, USA.

Abstract:

Thirty four percent of women in the United States (US) age 20-39 meet criteria for obesity (BMI >30) and this number continues to increase. Obese patients with BMI above 60 are increasing 5 times faster than any other obesity category. It is imperative that providers caring for the reproductive age obese women understand and communicate pregnancy related risks in this cohort of patients. Compared to normal weight women, obese pregnant women have increased pregnancy and delivery related risks, which can result in compromise to mother, fetus, or both. Delivery related challenges include difficulty with fetal monitoring, increase rate of cesarean delivery and additional intra-operative risks. Delivery may be complicated by fetal injury and maternal post-operative course may be further compromised. Mode of delivery should be discussed during prenatal care; however cesarean delivery may be the safest route of delivery for the obese patient with a BMI above 60. Delivery of the obese gravida requires surgical expertise and interdisciplinary planning with teams familiar with obesity management, to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. We review delivery related risks and provide recommendations for delivery and postpartum management of the obese pregnant patient. We additionally provide recommendations for intrapartum and postpartum coordination of care with bariatric specialists.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Shenghui Wu has completed her PhD from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, MD from the Southeast University and postdoctoral training from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. She is an assistant professor of University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member.

Abstract:

The risk of type 2 diabetes associated with overweight/obesity appears to be influenced by the coexistence of other metabolic abnormalities. We compared the risk for diabetes in each of 4 categories of metabolic health and BMI. Participants were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a randomly selected Mexican American cohort in Texas on the US-Mexico border. Subjects were divided into 4 phenotypes according to metabolic health and BMI: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy overweight/obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese. Metabolic health was defined as having less than 2 metabolic abnormalities. Overweight/obese status was assessed by BMI higher than 25 kg/m2. Diabetes was defined by the 2010 ADA definition or by being on a diabetic medication. Among 3,247 participants, 878 were diagnosed with diabetes. The odds ratio for diabetes risk was 2.25 in the metabolically healthy overweight/obese phenotype (95% CI 1.34, 3.79), 3.78 (95% CI 1.57, 9.09) in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight phenotype and 5.39 (95% CI 3.16, 9.20) in metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese phenotype after adjusting for confounding factors compared with the metabolically healthy normal weight phenotype. Cubic spline modeling showed that the risk of diabetes with age was higher in the metabolically unhealthy than the metabolically healthy phenotype regardless of overweight/obesity status. Metabolically unhealthy subjects showed significantly increased risk for diabetes compared with metabolically healthy subjects, regardless of their weight. Greater focus on metabolic health appears to be a more effective target for prevention and control of diabetes than emphasis on weight loss alone.

Biography:

Yu has completed his PhD and MD from New York University School of Medicine, postdoctoral studies from NYU and Columbia University, and residency and fellowship training from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He then did independent research at Columbia Medical Center as an NIH-sponsored Principal Investigator. He served as director of Special Adult Nutrition and TPN Services and the nutrition fellowship program at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, and then medical director of Discovery Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. He is a practicing endocrinologist of the Northeast Medical Group, Yale New-Haven Health System and is the medical director of the Weight Loss and Diabetes Center, Greenwich Hospital in Connecticut. He has published many original research papers, review articles, book chapters, and, most recently, co-authored clinical practice guidelines sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology and The Obesity Society on healthy eating and weight management.

Abstract:

Body weight (or more precisely the body\'s fat mass) is regulated via multiple negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostatic equilibrium. Therefore, one finds that in a steady state during adulthood, a person\'s body weight is relatively stable over a long time period. Despite the moment to moment fluctuations of the food intake and the body\'s energy expenditure, the two constantly find ways to balance each other out without involving the conscious mind. This is true in both \"normal weight\" people and in people with obesity. Overwhelming experimental data support the notion that there is an internal \"set point\" upon which the homeostatic mechanisms operate. However, the \"set point\" homeostatic mechanisms fall short of explaining the current obesity epidemic. If body weight is determined by a genetically programmed set point, why are more and more people obese now than just a few short decades ago, when the population genome pool is considered identical to what we have now? In practical terms, if the set point determines the body weight, how does one lose weight long-term? It won’t happen unless the internal set point is lowered during the course. If a surgical procedure were to limit a person\'s ability to eat only, wouldn\'t it make the treated person suffer gravely if the treated person always feels hungry because he/she now weighs below his/her weight set point? In this presentation, we propose that the set point is subject to change. Moreover, we present data to show that actually both homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms are at work in any given individuals. There are two types of obesity that we term \"metabolic obesity\" and \"hedonic obesity\". Underlying the former is predominantly a raised body weight set point, whereas underlying the latter are the biological forces to seek body\'s hedonic balance instead, non-homeostatic with regard to energetic. As flawed as these hedonic needs may be in certain people, they may result in sustained food intake behavior that overrides the opposite metabolic signals of energy surplus. The development of both metabolic obesity and hedonic obesity is strongly influenced by obesogenic factors, particularly the processed foods of dense energy and high caloric content. Reversal of obesity must rely on treatment modalities that specifically address the respective biological processes affected in metabolic and hedonic obesity.

Biography:

Sandeep Garg has completed his MBBS and MD Internal Medicine from Delhi University. At present he is Professor of Medicine in Maulana Azad Medical College looking after the Endocrine clinic. He is also involved in postgraduate teaching, resource person for the HIV Fellowship, PG diploma in Geriatrics, Hemophilia training programme, Elsevier Clinical Key. He has published around 30 research papers, delivered many lectures and chaired sessions at national and international level.

Abstract:

Various metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity are risk factors for NAFLD. Treating hypothyroidism can prevent the progression of NAFLD to NASH and subsequent CLD in obese. The observational cross sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine in Maulana Azad Medical College. 41 hypothyroid patient with a serum TSH>5.5mIU/L with or without treatment were included. Patients with diabetes, hypertension (BP>130/80mm Hg), consuming alcohol (> 20 gm/ day for men and > 10gm / day for women), past h/o jaundice, pregnancy, on hepatotoxic and dyslipidemic drugs were excluded from the study. The non obese group (n=21, BMI < 28.5kg/m2) and the obese group (n=20,BMI >28.5kg/m2) were subjected to the blood tests including hemogram, KFT’s, LFT’s, lipid profile and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 version.The mean age was 36.14 years in non obese and 37.75 years in obese subjects. The mean BMI was 24.9 in non obese versus 33.25 in obese subjects. The mean ALT was 36.9 IU/L in non-obese and 47 IU/L in obese subjects. The mean AST was 38.04 IU/L in non-obese versus 48.6 IU/L in obese subjects. The mean total cholesterol, LDL and TG were higher in the obese as compared to the non obese subjects and showed a positive significant correlation with the increasing BMI (Body Mass Index). The mean TSH was 15.68 mIU/L in non-obese versus 15.225 mIU/L in obese subjects. The prevalence of NAFLD in non-obese and obese was 47.6% and 65% respectively. The USG grading for NAFLD correlated positively with increasing BMI in the obese hypothyroid subjects r(18)= 0.642 with p<0.05 and not in non-obese group. The prevalence of abnormal ALT> 40 IU/L was 14.28% in non-obese and 55% in obese. Among the subjects with USG diagnosed NAFLD the prevalence of abnormal ALT was 30% in the non obese and 76.9% in the obese subjects. Increasing ALT levels were significantly correlated with increasing S TSH (r= 0.604, p=0.04) and BMI (r=0.719, p=0.01) in obese subjects. Hypothyroidism leads to obesity which further increases the risk of NAFLD. There is higher prevalence of NAFLD and NASH in obese hypothyroid subjects when compared to non obese hypothyroid subjects. The findings of fatty liver on USG were positively correlating with the increasing serum TSH levels.

Biography:

She is assistant professor at University of Delhi, Ph. D in Food and Nutrition from CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. She is doing research projects on obesity, new product development, packaging etc. and published more than 20 research papers in international journals.

Abstract:

Malnutrition affects both rich and poor group people. Low income group people are at risk for nutritional deficiency disorders while high and middle income group people are at greater risk for obesity. A study was conducted on 150 obese and overweight respondents of North India to study their nutritional status and food consumption pattern. Data was collected using 24 hour recall method and values were calculated using Diet Soft Software. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. In this study males (39%) and females (61%) of age group between 18 to 45 years were included. Mean age of the respondents was 36 years. All the subjects belonged to medium and high income group. Mean body mass index of respondents was 30. Energy consumption and intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, iron, calcium and zinc was calculated and compared with RDA. Food intake frequency and food consumption pattern was also studied. In India obesity though at present is not a alarming situation however the results of the study are shocking and we recommend that if the preventive measures are not taken at this stage than it may take a shape of epidemic. Therefore Life style modification, nutrition education and behavior modification must be taken to tackle this problem.

Biography:

Jose Eduardo Corrente has undergraduate in mathematics and took his MSc and PhD in Biostatistics. He is associate professor at Biostatistics Department - University of Sao Paulo State - UNESP, and his field of research is epidemiology of third age. Main projects are in quality of life, lifestyle and nutritional aspects for older people with respect to eating patterns and adequate intake as well as publications in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to analyze the nutrient intakes according the eating pattern for older people. From March to June of 2011, 172 subjects of 60 years and more and registered in the basic health units of Botucatu city – São Paulo Brazil were evaluated. Anthropometric measures were obtained to classify in obese (Body Mass Index – BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (Body Mass Index – BMI < 30 kg/m2). A food frequency questionnaire was applied to identify eating patterns and transformed the nutrient daily intakes. It was found that high mean of phosphorus and alcohol was consumed by obese men and selenium for obese women. Consumption of high means of protein, fiber, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, retinol, folate, cuprum, vitamin B12 and E were consumed by people with high adherence to the “healthy” pattern compared with the ones with low adherence. Those with high adherence to “snacks and weekend meals” pattern consumed lower mean of vitamin C and retinol. A high adherence to “Fruits” pattern was represented by higher consumption of saturated fat, sodium and selenium, and lower average of fiber, magnesium and manganese; high adherence to “Light and whole foods” pattern represented higher consumption of fiber, vitamin C and potassium; high adherence to the “bland diet” represents lower consumption of protein and more carbohydrates; high adherence to the patter “traditional” represents greater consumption of vitamin D, fibers, iron, folate, copper, and manganese, and less consumption of vitamin B12. As a conclusion, it was observed coherence in the major analyzed nutrients among patterns enabling a better characterization of the intake behavior for older people.

Biography:

Owen B. Nene completed his Secondary Teaching Diploma (STD) 1985. Currently Owen is the Head Of Department in one of the high schools in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Owen has taught learners in different fields including but not limited to Art, History as well as Geography. He also has a Diploma and vast knowledge of teaching the learners with disabilities. He is a member of several organizations, and plays a vital role in decision making.

Abstract:

The first South African Demographic and Health Survey was under taken in 1998 and published in 2002 (MRC, 2002). This survey included South African between 15-95 years. In South Africa the 15 year olds are in the middle of the high school. The survey also revealed that child obesity is a global problem as it is in South Africa. Over 17% in adolescents were found to be obese and had obesity related problems. The survey also revealed that children between ages 5-14 had BMI of about 14, 15-29(about 22). About two high schools were surveyed so as to describe the causes of obesity amongst high school learners. It was revealed that as seen in the 2002 survey, obesity starts at an earlier age. When the children come to high school, they are already having problems with their weight. Amongst the factors identified and described as causes, lack of activity, and junk food were the top of the list. The other cited was the fear of being stigmatized as having HIV/AIDS. Change in the school’s curriculum were physical activity was excluded. Of concern are the effects of obesity on teaching and learning because unfit body cannot house a healthy mind. It is recommended that the physical education be brought back to the schools as it will not only help learners to be healthy but educators as well. Parents are also encouraged to improve the eating habits as the main cause if obesity in children starts from home.

Biography:

Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag, Zoology Department from Water Sisulu University, South Africa observing the anti inflammatory effects and working in the field of Obesity also

Abstract:

Background: Childhood and adolescent obesity is an important predictor of adult cardiometabolic diseases. Current data on age- and gender-specific cardiometabolic risk factors are lacking in the peri-urban Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. However, such information is important in designing innovative strategies to promote healthy living among children and adolescents. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare and determine the extent of cardiometabolic risk factors between samples of lean and overweight/obese adolescent population in a peri-urban community of South Africa. Methods: In this cohort study, 13-17year old male and female adolescents participated in the study. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (Trig), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and blood sugar. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Body mass index was calculated. Blood pressure was measured; and metabolic syndrome was assessed using appropriate diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents. Results: All cardiometabolic risk factors were elevated in the overweight/obese learners compared with the lean: low HDL-C (RR = 2.21), elevated TC (RR = 1.23), elevated LDL-C (RR = 1.42), elevated Trig (RR = 1.73), and elevated hs-CRP (RR = 1.9). There were significant atherosclerotic indices among the overweight/obese compared with the lean group: TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (2.99±0.91 vs 2.63±0.48; p=0.016 and 1.73±0.61 vs 1.41±0.46; p= 0.014, respectively). Of the 410 participants, 14.4% had no risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MS) 21.2% had MS. Participants with MS also had lower adiponectin and serum Mg2+ levels, higher hs-CRP. On the other hand markers of atherosclerosis tended to be higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: There are multiple cardiometabolic risk factors among the overweight/obese compared to lean adolescents in this study. The high proportion of adolescents with MS indicates the importance of school health programs to focus on the promotion physical exercise, healthy eating and keeping appropriate weight.

Biography:

Krittiya Mosikanon has completed Bachelor of Science Program in Nutrition and Dietetics, Mahidol University in 2012. She is currently studying for a Master degree in Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University.

Abstract:

Objective: To determine whether β-glucan from yeast reduces waist circumference and improves lipid profile levels in overweight subjects.
Design: Overweight subjects (n=44) were randomized, double blinded to receive 976 mg/d of β-glucan or placebo for 6 weeks.
Results: After 6 weeks of intervention, we found no significant change of average weight between the control and β-glucan groups. Waist circumference (WC) in β-glucan group decreased from week 2 (treatment group 88.83±9.87 cm vs. control group 93.57±5.03 cm, P<0.05) and continued decreasing to week 6 (treatment group 86.5±8.9 cm vs. control group 94.69±3.32 cm, P<0.05). The β-glucan group also displayed better levels of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
Conclusion: Yeast β-glucan supplement for 6 weeks has a great potential to reduce waist circumference and hyperlipidemia in overweight subjects.

Biography:

Vera Simovska is Doctor of Medical Sciences (PhD), spec. of Sports Medicine, subspec. of Nutrition and Director of Master Study of Nutrition at the University of Bitola. She is an Editor of Special Issue: Diet and Metabolic Disorders, OMICS Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy from 2013. Also, she was an Expert for three different programmes in various countries. This work included a position of the National Expert in the Macedonian Ministry of Health (2009-2011), an Expert-Consultant in the European Commission: RTD/FP7, HORIZON2020, EuropeAid (2008-2014) and the United Nation's International Platform on Sports for Development and Peace (2005). She was a National coordinator in several projects covered by the WHO from 2001 to 2015 (CINDI, Move for Health, HEPA Europe) and she is familiar with the European Health Strategy (2008-2013) and Millennium Development Goals. Vera Simovska is the author of over 100 scientific articles.

Abstract:

Truncal obesity is a chronic disease that increases the risk for both coronary heart disease (CHD) and type II diabetes (T2DM) and it’s a growing public health problem worldwide. The purpose of our study was to develop a model of therapeutic efficiency high-intensity lifestyle intervention intended for truncal obese adults with increased cardiometabolic risk. Within the randomized controlled trial at a group of truncal obese adults with presence risk factors for atherosclerotic CHD and T2DM, we suggest the following two types of high-intensity lifestyle interventions: Ist type-low fat, hyper protein, restriction diet (RD) of 1200-kcal/d (women) and 1500-kcal/d (men) with low atherogenic and glycemic index (GI), and a specific relation among SFA, MUFA and PUFA. The IInd type of intervention is composed of RD and the individually dosed physical activity (PA) with gradually, from low to moderate and picks of high intensity (50%-60%-75%VO2max) in accordance to the initial level of the individual aerobic capacity (VO2max) expressed into METs. After 30 days was the increased energetic value of RD for 200-kcal/d related to increase PA. The changes in anthropometric measures, metabolic profiles, VO2max and BMR are evaluated after 30 and 50days. The efficiency of the programmed PA in combination with RD represents a significant higher reduction of BMI (kg/m2), WHR, fat mass index, risk factors for CHD and metabolic complication (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and atherogenic index) associated with truncal obesity and improvement in cardiovascular fitness for 17.16% VO2max from initial level in comparison with applied RD as single treatment in truncal obese adults.

Biography:

Javad Arian Nezhad, Director at Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute, Iran

Abstract:

Introduction: There was some evidence that Metformin used in aid of weight loss in obese patients or in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is beneficial. (2003) we wanted to determine whether Metformin was an effective medication for treatment of obese and sever obese adults who have family history of diabetes mellitus.
Methods: In this study we had 1457 patients .we divided them into two groups with family history of diabetes and with no history of diabetes all of them were women between 25-45 years the patients with history of diabetes were prescribed to take two tablets of Metformin 500 mg per day. They were then followed up four weeks for assessment. Also we divided them into three groups of BMI. (Over weight, obese,sever obese) Results: we compared average weight at start with average weight at the end among these three groups; we noted that there are not differences between them in different stage of Obesity.
Conclusion: We suggest that Metformin can not improve losing weight between patients with family history of type 2 Diabetes.

Biography:

Samuel Taiwo Ibitoye is a Research Student in National Open University Nigeria.He is a prolific, dynamics,dedicated and a goal-getter student. He was born in 06 June 1985,Osun State, Nigeria.He graduated from University of Ilorin with possession of B.Sc(Hon) in Human Anatomy(2005) and where he proceeded to Ahmadu Bello University(2014) to obtain PGDE and at present is a Research Student at the National Open University of Nigeria.

Abstract:

Diabetes is a perpetual illness which requires multidisciplinary push to oversee. Approach of health worker professionals towards patients and for sure patients themselves have awesome effect on the result of the sickness. Objective: This study was gone for investigating the disposition of pharmacists, doctors and medical attendants towards the care of diabetes. Methodology: The state of mind of pharmacists, specialists and medical attendants towards the requirement for exceptional preparing to give diabetes care, reality of Type 2 diabetes, estimation of tight control, the mental effect of diabetes mellitus and the requirement for patient self-governance were investigated utilizing the third form of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3). Results: There were distinction in the mean state of mind scores of the three calling in all sub scales with the exception of that of patient self-rule. Medical attendants had the least mean scores in all the sub scales with the exception of the requirement for uncommon preparing sub scale, where they had a higher score than Doctors yet not as much as pharmacists P <0.001. Doctors had a higher score on the earnestness of Type 2 diabetes sub scale took after by pharmacists and medical attendants. For the estimation of tight control sub scale pharmacists and Doctors had a comparative somewhat uplifting state of mind which contrasted essentially from medical caretakers, who had a low score connoting a negative mentality to the things in this sub scale. In the psycho social effect of diabetes sub scale, Doctors had the most noteworthy score took after by pharmacists, with attendants scoring the least. In any case, there was no factual contrast between the pharmacists and medical attendants\' score, P>0.05. As to the patient self-sufficiency sub scale, all the three experts had a mean score than 4 showing low consent to the sub scale things.
Conclusion: The well being experts aggressor to valuable extraordinary preparing in diabetics care. Medical attendants had the minimum good state of mind towards diabetes: slightest qualities the earnestness of Type 2 diabetes, tight glycaemic control, and patient independence. Doctors and pharmacists demonstrated somewhat inspirational states of mind. Enhancing the disposition of well being experts fits in with cutting edge way to deal with enhance results.

Biography:

Hajnal has completed her MSc in Food and Nutrition Policy in 2014. She also holds a BSc in Human Nutrition from the University of Westminster, London, UK.

Abstract:

The global obesity epidemic has been on the rise for the last four decades. Whilst energy gap models quantified the relationship between energy intake and expenditure, new research suggests that that there is one unstable element in the equation: the human being ( Maha et al., 2013; Swinburn 2001; Gortmaker 2011). It has been postulated that, if humans are left to their own devices, they fail to self-regulate their eating habits (Cooper and Kovacic, 2012). The Nudge concept, advocated by the UK Government and policy-makers seems an elegant almost too easy way to overcome failures in public health policy through behavior change. The aim of the project was to attempt to 1) explore Nudge Theory 2) investigate the political power motives and challenges and finally to 3) ascertain the role of Nudge Theory in UK obesity policy. Desk-based critical enquiry (rooted in critical theory) analysis method was used to explore the theoretical and conceptual connections between the State, power and practical- rhetorical shift currently occurring in obesity policy. It has been concluded that Nudge, embedded in neoliberal paternalism, managed through health system reorganization might not be the final answer to obesity epidemic. It is paramount, that behavioral interventions utilizing Nudge Theory (and including other behavioral economic models) needs to be clearly defined and should complement other public health interventions. Nudge concept should not be uniform – and not treated as one size fits all.

Biography:

Rouham Yamout, completing his Phd from American University of Beirut, Lebanon.

Abstract:

Introduction: In the goal of selecting the optimal obesity measurement to be adopted in multifactorial cardiovascular screening, this study examines three obesity indices: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to determine the optimal cutoff values that best discriminate individuals with cardiometabolic or cardiovascular diseases, and compare their predictive characteristics against five cardio-metabolic and cardiovascular outcome measures. Methods: The service used a questionnaire and direct measurements to assess history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood sugar levels, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking status, family history of premature CVD, and socio-economic characteristics of individuals having attended 25 primary health care centers. The screening records of 2165 individuals were analyzed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) was used to define the optimal cutoff points against a cardiovascular outcome defined as the presence of two cardiometabolic impairments or history of CVD. The predictive characteristics of the three obesity indices were defined by comparing the ROC Areas under the Curve (AUC) and the odds ratio obtained from adjustedlogistic models run between each of the three obesity indices against each of the five outcome measures. Results: The analysis showed optimal cutoff points different from those recommended internationally: BMI: ≥ 28. 6 kg/m2 and ≥ 27.2 kg/m2; WC: ≥ 99 cm and ≥ 92cm; WHtR: ≥ 0.58 ≥ 0.57, for men and women respectively. The central obesity indices were better predictors than BMI for most outcomes assessed according to AUC and logistic analysis. Conclusion: The authors recommend the use of Waist circumference measurement in cardiovascular screening.

Biography:

Mahdieh Niknam is PhD candidate in Nutrition Sciences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2013. She ranked 3rd place in PhD nationwide entrance exam of nutrition sciences field, 2013-2014. She is a member of brilliant talent. She has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals and has published more than 4 papers in Farsi. She worked Two years as a dietician in Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz-Iran. (2007-2009), One year as a dietician in Dr. Mir husseini hospital, Shiraz-Iran (2006-2007) and One year a nutrition adviser in Aliibn Abi Talib, Shiraz-Iran (2005-2006). Mahdieh is interested in epidemiology studies on Non communicable diseases and children obesity research.

Abstract:

Despite the growing body of evidence from western societies on the association of dietary patterns and stroke, limited data are available in this regard from developing countries. This study was conducted to examine the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk of stroke among Iranian population. This hospital-based case-control study, included 194 stroke patients and 194 controls, was conducted in Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Cases were stroke patients that were hospitalized in neurology ward of Alzahra University Hospital. Controls were randomly selected among hospitalized patients in orthopedic or surgical wards of this center. A validated FFQ was used to assess the usual dietary intakes. We constructed the DASH diet score based on food and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. The prevalence of stroke among those in the top quartile of DASH diet score was 40%, which was 15% lower than that in bottom quartile; this difference was marginally significant (P= 0.10). After controlling for age, sex and total energy intake, adherence to the DASH diet was inversely associated with the risk of stroke (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28; 0.98). These associations remained significant even after additional controlling for physical activity, smoking, hypertension and diabetes; such that individuals in the highest quartile of the DASH diet score had 58% lower risk of stroke than those in the lowest category (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.96). However, after further adjustment for BMI, the association disappeared (OR: 0.62; 95% ¬¬CI: 0.29, 1.31) indicating an obesity-dependent association. We found an inverse relationship between the DASH style diet and prevalence of stroke. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.

Biography:

Lotte Poulsen has graduated from University of Southern Denmark in 2008 as candidate in medicine and has since then worked in the field of surgery. The recent years she has been training as a plastic surgeon and scientifically she focusses on bariatric surgery, body contouring surgery, patient-reported outcome and health-related quality of life.

Abstract:

Background Patients’ expectations are important in bariatric and body contouring surgery since the goals include improvements in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), appearance and body image. The aim of this study was to identify patient expectations at different points along the weight loss journey and/or body contouring surgery.
Methods This qualitative study took an interpretive description approach. Between September 2009 and February 2012, 13 cosmetic and 36 bariatric surgery patients were interviewed post-body contouring surgery. Data were analyzed using a line-by-line approach whereby expectations were identified and labeled as expected, unexpected or neutral. Constant comparison was used to ensure coding was done consistently.
Results Participants described expectations according to appearance, HR-QOL, and patient experience of care. Two areas stood out in terms of unmet expectations and included appearance and physical health, i.e., recovery from body contouring surgery. Most participants, who underwent bariatric surgery, did not expect the extent of excess skin after weight loss, nor how the excess skin would make them look and feel. Participants were also not expecting to look as good as they did following body contouring. For recovery, participants did not expect that it would be as long and/or as hard as it was in reality.
Discussion A fuller understanding of outcomes and expectations for this patient population is needed to enhance patient education and improve shared medical decision-making. Education materials should be informed by the collection of evidence-based patient-reported outcome (PRO) information, using measures as the BODY-Q. A PRO scale measuring patient expectations is needed. Our team developed an expectation scale for cosmetic plastic surgery patients, which is being tested in body contouring surgery patients. This scale asks patients how they think their appearance and life will change after surgery. Future research is needed to develop a similar expectations scale for obese and bariatric patients.

Biography:

Engin Korkmazer, Gynecologist from Ankara University, Turkey Observing the effects and diagnosis of GDM

Abstract:

The optimal time to screen and which test to use for GDM remains unclear. Currently, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommend routine risk-factor-based screening (eg, previous gestational diabetes or known impaired glucose metabolism, obesity ) but International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), United States Preventive services Task Force (USPSTF), American Diabetes Association (ADA), Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) recommended universal screening in asymptomatic pregnant women at 24-28 weeks (3-4-5-6). Recent studies showed selective-screening missed one third of GDM patients and since 90% of pregnant women have at least one risk factor during pregnancy, universal screening seems to be logical (7-8). Screening methods for GDM are fasting glucose, random glucose, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) or more commonly, 50 gram (g) glucose challenge test (GCT). In GCT, after taking oral 50 g glucose, without considering time of last meal, plasma glucose level is measured one hour later. At the threshold 140 mg /dL, 80-90% of patients will be detected. For diagnosis of GDM, one step or two step approach is used. In one step approach diagnostic test (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is performed without previous screening and in two step approach after GCT, diagnostic test (OGTT) is performed in high risk population. Controversies exist on amount of glucose load (75 g or 100 g), number of high cut–off values and duration of test. With recent study, the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO), it was the first study demonstrated an association between hyperglycemia and neonatal outcome, after performing 2 hour 75 g OGTT (9). After HAPO study, the IADPSG developed recommendations for the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (10). The recommendations of IADPSG for GDM were screening high-risk population early in pregnancy and universal screening with 75 g 2 hour OGTT from 24-28 weeks of gestation and accepting one abnormal value enough for diagnosis of GDM (10). Even though, these recommendations are evidence based they did not achieved acceptance by all associations. ACOG advices to continue screening with two step strategy (GCT followed by a 100 g 3-hour OGTT) using the Carpenter & Coustan criteria only when the GCT is abnormal) at 24-28 weeks gestation (3). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) believed IADPSG criteria will increase costs and interventions and recommends two-step approach to be continued (11). In a recent systemic review considering 75 g 2-hour OGTT versus 100 g 3-hour OGTT; study showed that women having 75 g 2-hour OGTT had a higher relative risk of being diagnosed with GDM (risk ratio (RR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 6.75). In the study, evidence was found insufficient to assess which strategy is best for diagnosis of GDM (12)."

Biography:

Dileep Rohra is MD from University of Karachi, Pakistan. He obtained his PhD from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Currently, he is the Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr Rohra has a rich experience of teaching Pharmacology to undergraduate medical and Pharmacy as well postgraduate students in four different countries. He is the recipient of various research grants and has published about 50 papers. He is the reviewer for many international journals and serves as member of Editorial Board for one journal.

Abstract:

Obesity identified as a worldwide health care issue, previously associated with adults is becoming serious concern among children and adolescents. According to WHO, globally, in 2013 the number of overweight children under the age of five, was estimated to be over 42 million. The epidemiological studies in the Gulf region including Saudi Arabia have reported a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children of all age groups. We at Alfaisal University, as a service to society, felt an obligation to start awareness campaigns for obesity and its health hazards. We targeted junior high schools for these campaigns. With the support of school administration, the faculty and students of College of Medicine, Alfaisal University are continuously visiting high schools to determine the perception among students about the childhood and adolescent obesity. During the Obesity-2005, I will share our experience of fun-filled activities at the schools of Riyadh in order to promote healthy life style.

Biography:

Jaspreet Kaur has completed her M.Sc. at the age of 23 years from Guru Nanak Dev University. Curerently she is working as an Assistant professor of Zoology in Sri Guru Arjan Dev Govt. College. She has published 3 research papers in reputed journals and has delivered 2 oral presentations

Abstract:

Obesity is a complex multifactorial health problem which is associated with numerous diseases including impaired physical functions and quality of life, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Obesity is not only affecting developed countries but its pronounced effects are also reflecting in developing countries including India and became a challenging health issue among adults and children throughout the world. Various international and national studies have shown that obesity tends to run in families. However there is pausity of data on camparative study of obesity and hypertension among punjabi population. Therefore in the present epidemiological study an attempt has been made to compare anthropometric and physiological variables among punjabi parents and their children. This study was conducted from period of August 2012- January 2013 on 102 parents (51 fathers & 51 mothers) and 105 children (68 sons & 37 daughters) of Kot Khalsa area of Amritsar, Punjab, India. Height and weight of each subject was measured using standard methodology and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was also measured. The results of present study have shown that combined prevelence of overweight/obesity among parents and children was found out to be 61.77% and 20%, respectively which was quite higher even than the populations of developed countries. The present results have also observed that when both parents were overweight/obese then prevelence of obesity among children was 4.5 times more than the children of normal weight parents. On the other hand if only mothers were overweight/obese then their children showed 2.5 times more prevelance of obesity than children having overweight/obese fathers only. In case of blood pressure assessment, the prevelance of hypertension was found out to be 45.29% and 27.46% among fathers and mothers, respectively while in children, the prevalence of hypertension was 29.41% among sons and 29.42% among daughters. It was found out that when both parents were suffering from hypertension then prevelance of hypertension among children was about 11 times more than in children of normal blood pressure parents while children of hypertensive mothers only showed 2 times more prevalence of hypertenstion than children of hypertensive fathers only. The present study reveal that impact of maternal obesity and hypertension have greater impact on childhood obesity and hypertension than fathers. However, present findings needs to be confirmed by taking large sample in longitudinal studies and genetic linkage studies.

Biography:

She has Obtained Ph.D (Nutrition & Dietetics) degree from the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. She has Completed her M.Sc (Human Nutrition from the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria West Africa. She has risen to the position of a Principal Lecturer (P/Lec). Position of responsibilities held were; Past Head of Department (HOD) Food Technology Department, Strategic Business Unit of MAPOLY Business Ventures, Current Head, Nutrition and Dietetics Department. She is a member of the following Professional Body, MNIFST, MSAFOST, MNSN

Abstract:

Background
The upsurge in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic worldwide and in Nigeria in particular is a challenge for urgent action in the adoption of appropriate dietary management. Lowering the glycemic index of meals can improve the control of diabetics and other nutritional disease. Methodology
Hence this study was carried out to determine the glycemic index of meals produced from cocoyam, plantain and cowpea flour blend. Three ratios, namely 95/5, 75/25 and 50/50 each were produced from differently processed cocoyam/plantain and cocoyam/cowpea flour respectively. Twelve (12) blends were selected and fed to the rats. A total of thirty (30) healthy volunteers were recruited by random sampling and further divided into ten (10) volunteers each. Pre-tested structure questionnaire was used to collected information on the clinical and anthropometric data. Blood samples were taken from the finger tips by prickling methods. Results The results of socio-economic characteristic showed that majority of subjects were within the age range of 20-39 years. The means body mass index was 25.24kg/m2. The mean fasting blood sugar was 73.11mmol/L. The values of starch for both CP were 76.82 to 66.52, 67.63 to 50.49, 67.63 to 50.49 and 72.59 to 53.16, 68.59 to 40.48, 67.63 to 50.49 respectively. The DM for ratio 50:50 were high while 95:50 were lower for CC respectively but the percentage starch were lower for ratio 50:50 and higher for 95:5 respectively. The level of substitution adopted influenced the Glycemic Index (GI), ratio 50:50 had medium G.I of 60, 61 and 58 for SD, DD and OV for CC while SD and DD 50:50 for CP blends had low G.I of 59, 58 and 58 respectively. Conclusion The study showed that CP of 50:50 blends had better G.I and blood profile. Most of 95:5, 75:25 and 50:50 CP and CC can be consumed by all age groups except 95:5 blends are recommended only for its high dense energy compared to 50:50 blends.

Biography:

Hoda Javadikasgari received her M.D. degree in October 2012 from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In 2013, she joined Mayo Clinic as a postdoctoral research fellow in cardiovascular surgery to complete her research skills. Now, she is a postdoctoral research fellow in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. She is not only interested in the clinical research, but also in applying different aspects of artificial intelligence in surgery. One of her efforts was applying the machine learning methods in prediction of comorbidity outcome in morbid obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity is a chronic disease which became a critical pandemic issue in past decades. Related comorbidities are the leading cause of death in morbid obese patients. Bariatric surgery is one of the most reputed treatments for morbid obese patients but the comorbidity outcome after surgery remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to use four mathematical models to predict comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery In this study, 224 morbid obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery were enrolled. Four mathematical models were implemented with preoperative laboratory tests, comorbidity variables, and types of surgeries. Ten fold cross validation was done and their area under receiving characteristic curve (AUC) were reported. The comorbidity outcomes were satisfactory (≥ 50% of individual comorbidities improved or resolved after 6 months) and not satisfactory. The mean age and BMI of participants were 38 ± 9.4 and 44.83 ± 6.3, respectively. Two thousands four patients (91.1%) had satisfactory outcome while 20 patients (8.9%) had not satisfactory one. After 10 fold cross validation, naïve bayes classifier, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (with seven variables), and decision tree (with 33 nodes and 14 variables) had AUC of 0.58, 0.49, 0.48, and 0.38, respectively. It has been shown that naïve bayes had the highest accuracy (P < 0.05) and decision tree had the lowest accuracy (P < 0.05) while the accuracy of ANN and logistic regression were not statistically different (P = 0.48). In conclusion, naïve bayes classifier showed the best performance for predicting comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery.

Biography:

He is a Doctor of Medicine in Pharmacology with a 14 years’ experience in the specialty and 24 years as a clinician. He has been actively involved with pre-clinical drug research, clinical research, hospital administration and hospital logistics support system (Pharmacy management, equipment procurement & maintenance, turnkey projects etc). His expertise revolves around the training of medical graduates & post graduates (inculcating interest in rational pharmaco-therapeutics), so also in pre-clinical drug research involving in-vitro/in-vivo Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics. He has hands on experience in the traditional as well as the Problem Based Learning (PBL) medical curricula being followed in different medical schools all over the world. He has been an under-graduate and post-graduate examiner for many medical universities in India. Notably, he has initiated a mammoth toxicology & toxinology project for the Indian Armed Forces, involving the compilation & designing of a poison database & poisoning registry for the Indian Armed Forces Personnel & their families. On the administrative front, he has effectively controlled medical staff in 200-600 bedded hospitals.

Abstract:

Obesity, which very recently has been classified as a disease by the WHO, is believed to affect over 2.1 billion people all over the world, as per a study published in the Lancet in 2014. Heredity and genetic typing, diet, physical activity, social and occupational factors play a major role in the course and management of this disorder. Till very recently, pharmacotherapy of obesity has revolved around inhibition of absorption of fats from the GIT (bile acid sequestrants), sterol absorption inhibitors, anorectic agents like amphetamines and fenfluramine, orlistat, leptin, rimonabant, phentermine/topiramate and some recent additions like naltrexone+bupropion as a fixed dose combination. Lorcaserin, a 5-HT agonist, is another recent drug reducing food intake by stimulating the satiety center. However, there are major roadblocks in the holistic control of excessive body weight, like patient compliance, diet control, social factors and adverse effects of drugs. For a disease with such complex etiology and multiple management options, it is imperative that a uniform multi-pronged treatment strategy is outlined. This, again, may be difficult since it mandates involvement of many specialist doctors and a meticulous co-ordination of the treatment strategies for an optimal outcome. This talk will focus initially on the available options, rationale of their use and their drawbacks, so also the putative targets for newer drugs, which may contribute significantly in bringing down the morbidity and mortality from this medical cum social disorder globally. I would be deliberating in detail on the potential new targets for the pharmacotherapy of obesity.

Biography:

Mahdieh Niknam is PhD candidate in Nutrition Sciences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2013. She ranked 3rd place in PhD nationwide entrance exam of nutrition sciences field, 2013-2014. She is a member of brilliant talent. She has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals and has published more than 4 papers in Farsi. She worked Two years as a dietician in Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz-Iran. (2007-2009), One year as a dietician in Dr. Mir husseini hospital, Shiraz-Iran (2006-2007) and One year a nutrition adviser in Aliibn Abi Talib, Shiraz-Iran (2005-2006). Mahdieh is interested in epidemiology studies on Non communicable diseases and children obesity research

Abstract:

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have recently received great attention in the field of diet-disease relations. Limited data are available linking SSBs intake to the risk of stroke. This study was conducted to examine the association between habitual intake of SSBs and risk of stroke among Iranian population. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Alzahra University Hospital, Iran. Cases were stroke patients and Controls were selected among hospitalized patients without prior history of stroke. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the usual intakes of SSBs. Total intake of SSBs was not significantly different between cases and controls (48.2±6.2 vs. 47.2±6.2 g/d, P= 0.90). After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios for stroke across increasing tertiles of SSB consumption was 1.00, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.46-1.54) and 0.85 (0.43-1.66) (P trend= 0.12). No statistically significant association was found between habitual intakes of SSBs and stroke

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: There were many ways to lose a lot of weight in a short amount of time.However, most of them require you to be hungry and unsatisfied. Aim of this study was Effect of sugar on diets in first week of therapy. Methods: this was clinical study. Sample size was 100 people, Samples were people who were obesity and have weights more than 80 KG. Samples divided into two groups. In first group all sugar used omitted (sauce, syrups, gums and all sugar components). In second groups only have one meal sugar component (they could use sugar once a week). Exclusive criteria were diabetes, thyroid and people which use special drugs. Then after one month all parameter like weight loss, BMI, weights, HDL, LDL measured. All data gathered and used SPSS for measuring. Used chi-square , T-student and correlation tests in this study. Results: results shows that in first group 5.6 percent more than second group have weight loss and there was significant relationship between cut whole sugar and weight loss, BMI in groups (p= 0.05). Conclusion: omitting sugar cause to weight loss, recommendation is to change white sugar to brown sugar and change with other components like, palm and free sugar components.

Biography:

I graduatedfrom Haramaya University with Bsc in Public Health in 2009 and joined Mizan-Tepi universityas graduate assitant immediately after garduation and worked for two years . In 2011,I joined Addis Ababa university to study Masaterin Public Health Epidemiology(MPH) and graduated in 2013 .I have participated two International conferences which held in Addis Ababa in 2012 ,World congress of public health and in 2013, 3rd International conference on Family planning. Participated as Field supervisor and research assistant with different organizations ,like Ethiopian Public health institute(EPHI) and other NGOs. Currently I am working at Mizan Tepi University.

Abstract:

Women in developing countries over their reproductive life span conceive on average six to eight children. Short inter-pregnancy intervals or early pregnancies result in maternal depletion of energy and protein and micronutrients leading to a reduction in maternal nutritional status at conception and altered pregnancy outcomes. Extending birth spacing would presumably provide the women the time to replenish their nutrient stores. A community based quantitative comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three kebeles randomly selected at Tena Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromiya region in 2013. Prior to the study family planning users (MFPM) and non-users for at least one year were identified and registered. A total of 360 sampled subjects were enrolled using systematic random sampling. To see the effect of ever modern family planning method use on the nutritional status of women, both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. Multicollinearity was assessed before the analysis was done. The mean height, weight, MUAC and BMI of the respondents were 156.7±5.5 (NFP 155.9±5.2 vs. FP157.5±5.6), 50.0±7.2 (NFP 47.4 ±6.1 vs. FP 52.6±7.4), 23.4±2.9 (NFP 22.3±2.4 vs. FP 24.5±2.9) and 20.3±2.4 (NFP 19.4±2.1 vs. FP 21.1±2.4), respectively and the difference noted between the groups was significant. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher among women who did not use family planning than family planning users. Continuous supply of modern family planning with different range is important for improvement of women’s nutritional and health status. Other than this, it is equally important to empower women and to have access for increased dietary intake during the different reproductive life span

Biography:

Emmanuel Antwi Akoto holds a Masters degree in Law and Business from Germany. With a new found passion to combat obesity in society, having overcome obesity himself, Emmanuel founded Fat2Fit Ghana, a weight management company with the goal of helping others overcome obesity in Ghana and beyond. He is author of 7 Simple Steps to Losing Weight, a book which has quickly grown popular in Ghana, showing others the way to a healthy lifestyle. His weekly postings on health and fitness on his website, www.fat2fitghana.com, is read by many.

Abstract:

Obesity has reached epidemic levels in both developed and developing countries. About one third (33%) of the world\'s population has become overweight or obese. By the year 2030, the figure is expected to hit 50% according to a 2014 McKinsey Global Institute Report. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the results of an increase in caloric and fat intake. On the other hand, there is supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. Consequently, both over-consumption of calories and reduced physical activity are involved in obesity. Overweight and obesity have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. Psychological health is fundamental to high quality of life, yet, overweight or obesity can lead to emotional disorders such as low self-esteem, depression, self-hatred and social discrimination. Could these reasons be exploited to help combat obesity in our society? I personally went on a weight loss journey not for the physical benefits but for the psychological benefits. Until now, most approaches have focused on changing the behavior of individuals in diet and exercise to regain physical health. A new approach towards regaining mental health as a result of overcoming obesity can go a long way to help curb down the obesity epidemic.

Biography:

Mahdieh Niknam is PhD candidate in Nutrition Sciences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2013. She ranked 3rd place in PhD nationwide entrance exam of nutrition sciences field, 2013-2014. She is a member of brilliant talent. She has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals and has published more than 4 papers in Farsi. She worked Two years as a dietician in Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz-Iran. (2007-2009), One year as a dietician in Dr. Mir husseini hospital, Shiraz-Iran (2006-2007) and One year a nutrition adviser in Aliibn Abi Talib, Shiraz-Iran (2005-2006). Mahdieh is interested in epidemiology studies on Non communicable diseases and children obesity research

Abstract:

Atherosclerosis, with its major manifestation, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Dietary fatty acids intakes favorably effect on inflammatory responses. This study was conducted to examine the association between dietary fatty acid intakes and inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL‑6) and high sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP), in CAD patients among Iranian population. This hospital‑based, cross‑sectional study was conducted in Chamran Heart Hospital, Isfahan, Iran in 2012. Patients aged ≥45 years with first ever symptomatic CAD confirmed by angiography were included. A semi‑quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual intakes of dietary fatty acids. The energy‑adjusted daily intakes (mean ± SD) of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), linoleic acid, a‑linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) were 27 ± 9, 22 ± 6, 21 ± 5, 0.4 ± 0.32, and 0.85 ± 0.82 g/d; respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, SFA was directly related to hs‑CRP (P = 0.01) and IL‑6 (P < 0.001) concentrations. Intakes of EPA + DHA and MUFA, were significantly adversely related to plasma hs‑CRP Concentration (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) but not IL‑6, albeit MUFA was modestly inversely related to IL‑6 (P = 0.08). No significant relationships were observed for other fatty acids, a‑linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. These findings suggest that saturated fatty acids, EPA + DHA and MUFA were significantly related to plasma inflammatory markers in CAD patients.

Biography:

Ritesh Kumar Baboota has completed M.Tech in Biotechnology from Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT) India in 2012. Presently, he is working as a senior research fellow in Department of Nutrition Science & Technology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), India. His PhD work focuses on identifying the mechanisms underlying the anti-adipogenic/anti-obesity effect of dietary molecules. He has published 4 research articles and 2 review articles in journals of international repute.

Abstract:

The increasing prevalence of obesity is becoming a global health concern. Weight gain is associated with several other complications such as hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. To date there is no effective therapy for obesity so there is urgent need for developing strategies to tackle it. Currently, there is considerable interest in augmenting “brite” cell population in white adipose tissue (WAT) or targeting thermogenesis via increasing energy expenditure by brown adipose tissue (BAT). Also, the manipulation of gut microbiota by diet in reversing the development of obesity and its associated complications has been suggested. Recent researches showed the potential of natural-product based dietary interventions to counteract obesity. Capsaicin, a bioactive component of chili peppers, is an important nutraceutical that has enormous potential to prevent and treat obesity. Our recently published in-vitro (Baboota et al., 2014a) and in-vivo (Baboota et al., 2014b) studies have provided evidence for the novel anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity mechanism of obesity. In-vitro, capsaicin inhibited adipogenesis and induced brown-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 cells whereas in-vivo, oral capsaicin decreased adiposity via global nutrigenomic changes in different tissues. In this presentation we will be summarizing our research findings of capsaicin, which could represent a promising therapeutic approach.

Biography:

Momota Hena, completing her M.Sc from Asian University for Women, Bangladesh. she is also doing her research work on the obesity and Overweight

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity is a worldwide concern for its long term impact on health. In many low and middle income countries overweight-obesity as one of the vital risk factor of overweight and obesity. More frequently energy dense food consumption with lower physical activity can cause the risk of overweight and obesity. Though the challenge of solving under-nutrition problems remains in the country, the issue of overweight and obesity keeps rising alongside. A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted during July, 2014 in Chittagong district of Bangladesh among 1040 adolescents from both rural and urban areas. The study was approved by AUWIRB (Asian University for Women Institutional Review Board). The participants were selected only from classes 8, 9 and 10 from every school as the target group was adolescents. Both male and female participants were included from all six schools. Questionnaires in hard copies were given and while returning each student’s questionnaire, their height and weight was measured and recorded by the researchers. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity is 15.43% in Chittagong. Higher food consumption, less physical activity and higher sedentary behaviors are not associated with overweight and obesity. However, a higher percentage of sedentary behavior is observed. Interventions should be aimed at educating children and their parents as well about nutritional food, importance of physical activity and appropriate BMI range for age and sex.

Biography:

Isaac Ampong, researcher in the School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape, Coast Ghana.

Abstract:

Free fatty acids have been reported to impair insulin action, and also sufficient evidence implicates dietary fat composition in the development of insulin resistance, including impaired fasting glycemia and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The work was designed to determine the effect of vegetable oils consumption on diabetes control in diabetic mice. Forty eight (48) diabetic mice were randomly divided into eight groups of six animals each. The first four groups were fed on chow (control), 10% Red palm oil feed, 10% groundnut oil feed, and 10% coconut oil respectively. The second four groups were fed similar to the first four groups but in addition were administered with glibenclamide (2mg/kg b-wt) daily for the four weeks. Total cholesterol was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in mice fed on groundnut oil only and also in those on the control and palm oil diets plus glibenclamide treatment. There was also significant reduction (p < 0.05) in plasma LDL levels in mice fed on groundnut oil diet only and those on the control, palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil plus glibenclamide. HDL cholesterol was significantly increased in mice on groundnut oil only, and in mice fed on groundnut oil and coconut oil plus glibenclamide. However, triglycerides were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the plasma of the mice on groundnut oil plus glibenclamide treatment. Plasma glucose was significantly reduced in all treatment (p < 0.05). Ten percent fortified vegetable oil feeds (palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil) significantly improved lipid profile and significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic mice.

Biography:

Meenakshi Garg is assistant professor at University of Delhi, Ph. D in Food and Nutrition from CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. She is doing research projects on obesity, new product development, packaging etc. and published more than 20 research papers in international journals.

Abstract:

Malnutrition affects both rich and poor group people. Low income group people are at risk for nutritional deficiency disorders while high and middle income group people are at greater risk for obesity. A study was conducted on 150 obese and overweight respondents of North India to study their nutritional status and food consumption pattern. Data was collected using 24 hour recall method and values were calculated using Diet Soft Software. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. In this study males (39%) and females (61%) of age group between 18 to 45 years were included. Mean age of the respondents was 36 years. All the subjects belonged to medium and high income group. Mean body mass index of respondents was 30. Energy consumption and intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, iron, calcium and zinc was calculated and compared with RDA. Food intake frequency and food consumption pattern was also studied. In India obesity though at present is not a alarming situation however the results of the study are shocking and we recommend that if the preventive measures are not taken at this stage than it may take a shape of epidemic. Therefore Life style modification, nutrition education and behavior modification must be taken to tackle this problem.

Biography:

Kufre Joseph Okop, Phd Scholar in the university of the Western Cape, South Africa. he has published his views on the Epidemic Obesity in his wide research.

Abstract:

Background: Obesity epidemic is associated with rising rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults, particularly in countries undergoing rapid urbanization and nutrition transition. Information on body size perception, obesity risk awareness, and the willingness to lose weight are critical for designing appropriate community-based intervention for prevention of obesity.
Method: A descriptive qualitative study design guided the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with purposely selected black men and women aged 35-70 years living in an urban South African township. Weight and height measurements were taken, and the participants were classified into optimal weight, overweight and obese groups based on their body mass index (in Kg/m2). Participants were asked questions on perceived susceptibility and threat to obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease. Information on body image perceptions and the willingness to lose excessive body weight were also collected. Discussions were conducted in the local language (isiXhosa) and translated into English. Data was analysed using the thematic analysis approach.
Results: Obese and overweight women underestimated their body sizes. Participants generally believed that obesity leads to conditions such as heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension. However, threat of obesity to personal health was perceived differently in the different groups. Men in all groups and women in the obese and optimal weight groups perceived obesity to be a serious threat to their health unlike the overweight women. Obese participants who were dissatisfied with their body size and those who had experienced weight-related health problem(s) indicated strong perceptions of risk of obesity and CVD. Perceived subjective norms towards body image, and increasing crime rate, inaccessibility to physical activity facilities, and poor perceptions about physical activity were key factors hindering participants’ readiness to lose weight.
Conclusion: Low perception of threat of obesity to health particularly among overweight women in this community indicates a huge challenge to obesity control. Community health promotion strategies that can increase awareness about the risk associated with overweight is needed.

Biography:

Abstract:

Obesity (almost) duplicates the incidence of sexual disorder. Sexual concern and sexual dysfunction in society is epidemic. The aim of this study is (the) evaluation (investigation) of the effect of low calorie diet on level of sexual ability and desire of people who are overweight, fat and obese Material and Method: In this study volunteer (61 women and 10 men) aged between 20 and 25 years old with BMI of 25-47 Km2 who suffered from being overweight, fat and obese and had active partner were selected by purposeful sampling. These people did not have the history of thyroid hormone abnormality, diabetes, anemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, pelvic and genital trace infection, and physical disability. Height, weight, body fat percentage and body mass index of patients were measured by using bascule and digital height gauge and electronic resistance device; the nutrition status, diet habits and sexual ability and desire were evaluated by Arizona questionnaire. . Patients were visited (checked) every week for two months, in each visit, weight of patients was measured and according to that, a new program was given. At the end of the low calorie diet program intervention, the Arizona was completed again by patients. Results: Weight and body mass index in both sex significantly decreased p<0.05.Fat percentage for women also significantly decreased (p<0.05) whereas fat percentage of men body decreased but not significantly. The score of sexual ability in both sexes has not changed. Conclusion: According to the results, the intervention of the low calorie diet program caused a decrease in weight and BMI but there has been no effect on the score of Arizona questionnaire.

Biography:

Fayaz Sahibzada, doing research on the topic Overweight status and associated factors among the Saudi Arabia Female Population

Abstract:

During the last few decades, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) experienced rapid socio-cultural changes caused by the accelerating economy in the Arabian Gulf region. That was associated with major changes in the food choices and eating habits which, progressively, became more and more "Westernized". Such "a nutritional transition" has been claimed for the rising rates of overweight and obesity which were recently observed among Saudi population. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to determine the overweight and obesity status in a sample of females Saudi adults and to determine the relationship between the obesity and factors associated. A total of 1500 female’s participants of age ≥ 19 from Makah govern-orates were included the study. A Self-reported questionnaire was conducted to collect the data. It composed of socio-economic data, disease history, food habits and anthropometric measurements. Overweight and obesity were defined according to internationally standardized criteria for classification of BMI. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 16.0. The data indicated that (23.9%) of Saudi female adults were overweight and (27.7%) were obese. The most common eating habits encountered were eating two main meals/day, consumed meals with family, drinking fresh juices, sweets, and the meals consist mostly of protein. Statistically significant direct correlations were found among these factors (P<0.005).: More than 50% of the Saudi adults females were obese or overweight. Additional monitoring of the obesity status is necessary.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Amir Alishahitabriz, after getting his medical degree, he worked for 4 years as a physician in most deprived area in Middle East. In parallel with that he worked as research director for a few national wide projects. He got his MPH from Department of Health Policy and Management, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and currently he is a PhD candidate in Department of Health Policy and Management, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Organization and Implementation Science track.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity in the children is a global problem. Besides physical effects, obesity has harmful psychological effects on children. We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study to investigate the relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) with cognitive functioning in preschool children. Thirteen socioeconomically elements of 1151 children was measured and analyzed based on their intelligence quantities (IQ) test results. Thirteen out of 33 provinces were selected randomly and schools selected as the clusters in rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression were used when appropriate. Our analysis showed that IQ was associated with, Household income, Place of Residence, Previous, Delivery Type, Infant Feeding, Father’s educational level and Mother’s educational level (P < 0.001 for all). With using penalized linear regression for eliminating the impact of confounding factor, our study shows, living in Metropolitan (β = 2.411) and urban area (β = 2.761), level of participants’ fathers education (β = 5.251) was positively and BMI (β = -0.594) was negatively related with IQ test results. The findings of present study showed that a lower IQ score is associated with higher BMI. Although this relation appears to be largely mediated when socioeconomic, status considered.

Biography:

Pearl Sawhney is a senior at Grinnell College, Iowa, where she is pursuing a degree in Biochemistry, with a concentration in Global Development Studies. She has won numerous science awards in Iowa and has been a research scholar with USDA in 2014. She also has two conference presentations.

Abstract:

Of the 22 industrialized countries in the world, the U.S. has the highest obesity statistics and rising. According to the National Institute of Health, nearly 30% of Americans are obese and rising; and two thirds of Americans are overweight. To combat obesity, on one hand the researchers are trying to understand and isolate the genetic strains that are associated with obesity, and on the other hand the social scientists are trying to understand the behavioral aspects of poor eating habits and lack of physical activities that is contributing to obesity. This paper adds to the behavioral research stream by examining the impact of the changing American diet favoring higher meat consumption on obesity. According to the, USDA Americans are consuming 8.5 ounces of meat per day against the recommended amount of 3-4 ounces per day. The paper uses a triangulated approach by using both laboratory tests and a field survey of 537 people in four U.S. Midwestern towns to collect data. Analysis of the data supports the notion that higher portion of meat consumption in daily diet is associated with obesity. The survey results also show that the consumption habits are formed at early ages that become hard to change later in life. Overwhelmingly, the respondents felt that proper knowledge and exposure to healthy eating should be made available during formative years. These results have important policy implications towards dissemination of proper dietary knowledge, school feeding programs, and food subsidies programs in the U.S. to help control obesity.

Biography:

Hoda Javadikasgari received her M.D. degree in October 2012 from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In 2013, she joined Mayo Clinic as a postdoctoral research fellow in cardiovascular surgery to complete her research skills. Now, she is a postdoctoral research fellow in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. She is not only interested in the clinical research, but also in applying different aspects of artificial intelligence in surgery. One of her efforts was applying the machine learning methods in prediction of comorbidity outcome in morbid obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity is a chronic disease which became a critical pandemic issue in past decades. Related comorbidities are the leading cause of death in morbid obese patients. Bariatric surgery is one of the most reputed treatments for morbid obese patients but the comorbidity outcome after surgery remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to use four mathematical models to predict comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery In this study, 224 morbid obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery were enrolled. Four mathematical models were implemented with preoperative laboratory tests, comorbidity variables, and types of surgeries. Ten fold cross validation was done and their area under receiving characteristic curve (AUC) were reported. The comorbidity outcomes were satisfactory (≥ 50% of individual comorbidities improved or resolved after 6 months) and not satisfactory. The mean age and BMI of participants were 38 ± 9.4 and 44.83 ± 6.3, respectively. Two thousands four patients (91.1%) had satisfactory outcome while 20 patients (8.9%) had not satisfactory one. After 10 fold cross validation, naïve bayes classifier, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (with seven variables), and decision tree (with 33 nodes and 14 variables) had AUC of 0.58, 0.49, 0.48, and 0.38, respectively. It has been shown that naïve bayes had the highest accuracy (P < 0.05) and decision tree had the lowest accuracy (P < 0.05) while the accuracy of ANN and logistic regression were not statistically different (P = 0.48). In conclusion, naïve bayes classifier showed the best performance for predicting comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Shenghui Wu has completed her PhD from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, MD from the Southeast University and postdoctoral training from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. She is an assistant professor of University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics. She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member.

Abstract:

The risk of type 2 diabetes associated with overweight/obesity appears to be influenced by the coexistence of other metabolic abnormalities. We compared the risk for diabetes in each of 4 categories of metabolic health and BMI. Participants were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, a randomly selected Mexican American cohort in Texas on the US-Mexico border. Subjects were divided into 4 phenotypes according to metabolic health and BMI: metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically healthy overweight/obese, metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese. Metabolic health was defined as having less than 2 metabolic abnormalities. Overweight/obese status was assessed by BMI higher than 25 kg/m2. Diabetes was defined by the 2010 ADA definition or by being on a diabetic medication. Among 3,247 participants, 878 were diagnosed with diabetes. The odds ratio for diabetes risk was 2.25 in the metabolically healthy overweight/obese phenotype (95% CI 1.34, 3.79), 3.78 (95% CI 1.57, 9.09) in the metabolically unhealthy normal weight phenotype and 5.39 (95% CI 3.16, 9.20) in metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese phenotype after adjusting for confounding factors compared with the metabolically healthy normal weight phenotype. Cubic spline modeling showed that the risk of diabetes with age was higher in the metabolically unhealthy than the metabolically healthy phenotype regardless of overweight/obesity status. Metabolically unhealthy subjects showed significantly increased risk for diabetes compared with metabolically healthy subjects, regardless of their weight. Greater focus on metabolic health appears to be a more effective target for prevention and control of diabetes than emphasis on weight loss alone.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Childhood and adolescent obesity is an important predictor of adult cardiometabolic diseases. Current data on age- and gender-specific cardiometabolic risk factors are lacking in the peri-urban Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. However, such information is important in designing innovative strategies to promote healthy living among children and adolescents. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare and determine the extent of cardiometabolic risk factors between samples of lean and overweight/obese adolescent population in a peri-urban community of South Africa.
Methods: In this cohort study, 13-17year old male and female adolescents participated in the study. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (Trig), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and blood sugar. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Body mass index was calculated. Blood pressure was measured; and metabolic syndrome was assessed using appropriate diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents.
Results: All cardiometabolic risk factors were elevated in the overweight/obese learners compared with the lean: low HDL-C (RR = 2.21), elevated TC (RR = 1.23), elevated LDL-C (RR = 1.42), elevated Trig (RR = 1.73), and elevated hs-CRP (RR = 1.9). There were significant atherosclerotic indices among the overweight/obese compared with the lean group: TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (2.99±0.91 vs 2.63±0.48; p=0.016 and 1.73±0.61 vs 1.41±0.46; p= 0.014, respectively). Of the 410 participants, 14.4% had no risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MS) 21.2% had MS. Participants with MS also had lower adiponectin and serum Mg2+ levels, higher hs-CRP. On the other hand markers of atherosclerosis tended to be higher in males compared to females.
Conclusion: There are multiple cardiometabolic risk factors among the overweight/obese compared to lean adolescents in this study. The high proportion of adolescents with MS indicates the importance of school health programs to focus on the promotion physical exercise, healthy eating and keeping appropriate weight.

Biography:

Hoda Javadikasgari received her M.D. degree in October 2012 from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In 2013, she joined Mayo Clinic as a postdoctoral research fellow in cardiovascular surgery to complete her research skills. Now, she is a postdoctoral research fellow in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. She is not only interested in the clinical research, but also in applying different aspects of artificial intelligence in surgery. One of her efforts was applying the machine learning methods in prediction of comorbidity outcome in morbid obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity is a chronic disease which became a critical pandemic issue in past decades. Related comorbidities are the leading cause of death in morbid obese patients. Bariatric surgery is one of the most reputed treatments for morbid obese patients but the comorbidity outcome after surgery remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to use four mathematical models to predict comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery In this study, 224 morbid obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery were enrolled. Four mathematical models were implemented with preoperative laboratory tests, comorbidity variables, and types of surgeries. Ten fold cross validation was done and their area under receiving characteristic curve (AUC) were reported. The comorbidity outcomes were satisfactory (≥ 50% of individual comorbidities improved or resolved after 6 months) and not satisfactory. The mean age and BMI of participants were 38 ± 9.4 and 44.83 ± 6.3, respectively. Two thousands four patients (91.1%) had satisfactory outcome while 20 patients (8.9%) had not satisfactory one. After 10 fold cross validation, naïve bayes classifier, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (with seven variables), and decision tree (with 33 nodes and 14 variables) had AUC of 0.58, 0.49, 0.48, and 0.38, respectively. It has been shown that naïve bayes had the highest accuracy (P < 0.05) and decision tree had the lowest accuracy (P < 0.05) while the accuracy of ANN and logistic regression were not statistically different (P = 0.48). In conclusion, naïve bayes classifier showed the best performance for predicting comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery.

Biography:

Abstract: