4^th International Conference and Exhibition on Obesity and Weight Management December 07-09, 2015 Atlanta, USA

Biography:

Jennifer Pells is a clinical psychologist at Structure House, a residentially-based obesity treatment facility owned by Acadia Healthcare, located in Durham, NC. She has several research publications and numerous poster presentations involving obesity, behavioral weight management, and related issues such as persistent pain, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, and binge eating disorder.

Abstract:

Weight regain is a significant issue in behavioral obesity treatment despite efficacy of behavioral weight loss interventions during and in the initial months following treatment. Continued treatment contact may reduce regain, however, the most effective approach to continuing care is unclear and time-limited interventions with decreasing contact remain the standard. This observational study examined a residentially-based program that offers continuing care via return visits for adults with obesity. We evaluated return visit patterns and the association between return visits and weight maintenance. Weight and return visit data were analyzed for 1031 adults who attended the Structure House weight management program for the first time between 2008-2013. All participants included in this study had at least one follow-up visit. Over 6 years analyzed, 28% of participants completed at least one return visit, which was more common than multiple return visits (66% of participants vs. 34%). Analyses revealed significant weight loss from initial visit up to and during first return visit, but significantly smaller weight loss during the period between visits. The greatest weight loss (13%) was observed for participants who returned 6-12 months after initial visit. This data suggests an important role for additional treatment beyond initial program completion to improve weight loss and maintenance. Although ongoing treatment may be necessary to sustain continued weight loss, the ‘booster visit’ model may offer an additional or alternative option when continuous treatment is not feasible. A limitation was the lack of weight comparison data for participants who did not complete a return visit.

Biography:

Yu has completed his PhD and MD from New York University School of Medicine, postdoctoral studies from NYU and Columbia University, and residency and fellowship trainings from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He then did independent research at Columbia Medical Center as an NIH-sponsored Princepal Investigator. He served as director of Special Adult Nutrition and TPN Services and the nutrition fellowship program at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, and then medical director of Discovery Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. He is a practicing endocrinologist of the Northeast Medical Group, Yale New-Haven Health System and is the medical director of the Weight Loss and Diabetes Center, Greenwich Hospital in Connecutict. He has published many original research papers, review articles, book chapters, and, most recently, co-authored clinical practice guidelines sponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/Amedican College of Endocrinology and The Obesity Society on healthy eating and weight management.

Abstract:

Body weight (or more precisely the body's fat mass) is regulated via multiple negative feedback mechanisms to maintain homeostatic equilibrium. Therefore, one finds that in a steady state during adulthood, a person's body weight is relatively stable over a long time period. Despite the moment to moment fluctuations of the food intake and the body's energy expenditure, the two constantly find ways to balance each other out without involving the conscious mind. This is true in both "normal weight" people and in people with obesity. Overwhelming experimental data support the notion that there is an internal "set point" upon which the homeostatic mechanisms operate. However, the "set point" homeostatic mechanisms fall short of explaining the current obesity epidemic. If body weight is determined by a genetically programmed set point, why are more and more people obese now than just a few short decades ago, when the population genome pool is considered identical to what we have now? In practical terms, if the set point determines the body weight, how does one lose weight long-term? It won’t happen unless the internal set point is lowered during the course. If a surgical procedure were to limit a person's ability to eat only, wouldn't it make the treated person suffer gravely if the treated person always feels hungry because he/she now weighs below his/her weight set point? In this presentation, we propose that the set point is subject to change. Moreover, we present data to show that actually both homeostatic and nonhomeostatic mechanisms are at work in any given individuals. There are two types of obesity that we term "metabolic obesity" and "hedonic obesity". Underlying the former is predominantly a raised body weight set point, whereas underlying the latter are the biological forces to seek body's hedonic balance instead, nonhomeostatic with regard to energetics. As flawed as these hedonic needs may be in certain people, they may result in sustained food intake behavior that overrides the opposite metabolic signals of energy surplus. The development of both metabolic obesity and hedonic obesity is strongly influenced by obesogenic factors, particularly the processed foods of dense energy and high caloric content. Reversal of obesity must rely on treatment modalities that specifically address the respective biological processes affected in metabolic and hedonic obesity.

Biography:

Prof. Umberto Cornelli was graduated in Medicine at the University of Milan in 1969. He started his collaboration with the Loyola University Medical School of Chicago in 1982 and has been studying oxidative stress. In 2001 he received an honorary degree in Science from the Loyola University of Chicago for his contribution to the study on senile dementia. From 2002 to 2008 was the president of SENB (European Society of Biological Nutrition. From 1968 to 2012 he was the author of about 200 publications, 4 books and 14 patents for drugs, food supplements, and analytical methods.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century and the capacity to face the problem using non-prescription medicine to support weight loss has been frequently criticized because of scarcity of preclinical data on body weight reduction and the poor clinical trials available. Polyglucosamine ( PG L112) is a LMWC (low molecular weight chitosan) that belongs to the category of the medical devices. It has been tested for the chemico-physical activity showing to be one of the best fat binder available [Froese WM, Ludlow ME. Food Nutr Sci 2014; 5: 1637-1643]. In particular previous studies documented that the product has very high affinity for oxidized lipids, which are known to be one of the main causes of gastrointestinal oxidative stress [Cornelli U et al. Phys Reg Med 2006; 1: 25-29]. Pharmacological studies have clarified its mechanism of action in modifying the microbiota and increasing the glucose elimination in feces [Bondiolotti G e al. Europ J Pharmac 2007; 567:155-158, Bondiolotti et al. Food Chem 2011;124 :978-982]. Double blind studies in humans comparing PG L112 Vs placebo have shown that the product in combination with a diet is more effective than the combination of diet +placebo [Cornelli U et al. Minerva Cardioang 2008;56:71-78, Pokhis K et al. BMC Obesity 2015;2: 25]. Similarly, double blind studies in obese subjects comparing the product Vs Orlistat confirmed the significant superiority of PG L112 in the body weight reduction with an irrelevant incidence of side effects [Stoll M et al BMC Obesity 2015 in press].

Biography:

Andrea M. P. Romani, MD, PhD, obtained his medical degree from the University of Siena, Italy and his PhD from the University of Turin, Italy. Upon completing his postdoctoral studies under Dr. Scarpa, he joined the faculty in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, where he is currently Associate Professor. Dr. Romani has published almost 90 peer review articles in high profile journals together with numerous invited reviews and book chapters. He is currently serving as an Editorial Board Member for Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Magnesium Research, World Journal of Gastro-Intestinal Physio-Pathology among others.

Abstract:

A decrease in tissue and serum Mg2+ content has been observed in several endocrinopathies including metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Yet, it has not been elucidated to which extent an altered Mg2+ homeostasis contributes to the onset of these pathologies and/or their complications. Our experimental observation in animals and in liver cells of human origin indicate that Mg2+ deficiency increases G6P entry into the endoplasmic reticulum, and results in an increased oxidation by H6PD. The associated increase in NADPH is then utilized by the 11β-HSD1 to convert inactive cortisone to active cortisol. Consistent with this hypothesis, administration of cortisone to Mg2+ deficient hepatocytes results in a marked production of cortisol, and in the enhanced expression of gluconeogenic genes. In addition, NADPH production support an increased hepatic fatty acid synthesis and intrahepatic triglycerides deposition as attested by the increased expression of fatty acids synthesis-related genes and triglycerides measurement. Furthermore, Mg2+-deficient hepatocytes present decreased insulin responsiveness, which is further compromised by cortisol production. Returning cellular Mg2+ content to physiological levels dramatically decreases cortisol production, and progressively renormalizes expression and activity of H6P, 11-HSD1, and cortisol-responsive genes. Investigation into the mechanism responsible for 11-HSD1 increased expression suggest the involvement of increased NFkB translocation to the nucleus and consequently enhanced IL-1 and TNFexpression in the process. Taken together, our results suggest that Mg2+ deficiency precedes the onset of metabolic syndrome, setting the conditions for an increased intrahepatic production of cortisol and a decreased insulin responsiveness by acting at multiple levels including NFkB translocation, and H6PD and 11-HSD1 activity and expression while providing a constant entry of G6P into the ER to support the activity of the latter enzymes.

Biography:

Lillian is a trained Nutritionist with basic degree in human nutrition and a Master degree in Nutritional Biochemistry. She is currently a lecturer at the department of Home economics, Federal College of Education (Technical) Lagos Nigeria.

Abstract:

The introduction and improved access to antiretroviral therapy has changed the once deadly infection to a chronic medical condition, resulting in a dramatic change in causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected individuals. Obesity and its cardiovascular sequel are increasingly been reported in literature. However, data on the burden, trends and risk factors for obesity are sparse in countries worse hit by the epidemic. The objective of the study was to investigate the trend and risk factors for obesity among a cohort of HIV infected adults on antiretroviral therapy.We evaluated prospectively collected data in an ongoing observational study at the HIV treatment centre, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. Patients that initiated treatment between January 2004 and December 2009, and completed 5 year follow up were included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors for obesity among the cohort. Of the 8819 patients, 15.8% were wasted, 12.7% underweight, 19.6% overweight and 7.4% were obese at baseline. After five years follow up, only 2.3 % and 3.6% respectively were wasted and underweight. 35.7% and 26.5% respectively were overweight and obese. Female gender (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.81-2.67) and having a CD4 count above 350 (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 2.13 – 3.09) were found to be independent risk factors for obesity at multivariate analysis. Type of ARV drug, age, marital status, viral load, and haemoglobin levels did not retain their independent association with obesity after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity is highly prevalent among HIV infected Nigerians on antiretroviral therapy and is associated with female gender and high CD4 count. Programme targeted at prevention of obesity and its sequel should be integrated into routine HIV care.

Biography:

SungHyen Lee has completed her PhD at the age of 34 years from Seoul National University and postdoctoral studies from ARS-USDA. She is the scientist of RDA, a national research institute in Korea. She has published more than 125 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of many nutrition and immunology societies.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate suppressive effects of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) aleurone layer extract (BRE) on body fat, serum lipid, and hormone levels in ovariectomized rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n=8/group): Sham operated group (S); ovariectomized control group (OVX); ovariectomized group treated with isoflavone 10 mg/kg for body weight (IF); ovariectomized group treated with BRE at 30 or 90 mg/kg for body weight (BRE-30 or -90). High fat diet (45% calories from fat) was fed to all rats for 12 weeks. Body weight gain, body fat weight, and adiposity index increased in the OVX group, but they significantly decreased in IF or BRE supplementation. Serum triacylglyceride and leptin levels decreased in BRE groups while serum adiponectin level significantly increased compared to that of the OVX group. Hepatic total lipid, triacylglyceride, or cholesterol levels increased in the OVX group, but they decreased in BRE supplementation (p>0.05). These data suggest that black rice aleurone layer may be a useful food source to decrease obesity and its related diseases by modulating lipid metabolism in estrogen-deficiency model.

Biography:

David D. Mphuthi Current PhD candidate with North West University (SA) and has completed M.Cur, B.Cur (Adm et Ed), Dip. Nephrology, RN. David is a PhD scholar in Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) also a lecturer in the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa. David has published an article in the Journal of Renal Nursing in 2013.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO). This condition has global burden as it is now growing at an alarming rate globally. The study aimed at prompting the perceptions of the indigenous people about obesity, and the possible causes. The indigenous people, although they still believe in nature, some of their cultural practices like hunting have been lost due to urbanization. About 1.3 billion people are believed to be overweight globally. In 1998 a survey was done in South Africa which included women between ages 15-95. This survey showed African women being the highest in being overweight. Literature check and small scale research was performed so as to describe the perceptions of the indigenous women’s perceptions of obesity. Interviews were done amongst those who agreed to participate in the study. Although indigenous people still try all the means to maintain the healthy living style, their integration into the urban areas has resulted in them loosing most of their living ways which is perceived as the cause of obesity amongst the indigenous women. Most of the indigenous people no longer go hunting and that has resulted in accumulation of fat with resultant obesity. Lack of plying areas for the young boys and girls was also viewed as the cause. Fear of children being kidnapped was also mentioned. Cultural practices as well plating as described by the participants can play an important role in alleviating the causes of obesity, especially amongst the Africans.

Biography:

Bratati Banerjee completed Diploma in Public Health, DNB in Social & Preventive Medicine, PG Diploma in Hospital & Health Management, WHO Fellowship in Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Diseases. She is Professor, Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi. She has published 30 papers in indexed national and international journals. She is author of a book Public Health Legislation in India and Editor of a book Health Policies and Programmes in India. She is member of Editorial Board of reputed journals and is conducting several funded research projects. Her complete biography was included in ‘Marquis Who’s who in the World’ in 2007, 2008, 2009.

Abstract:

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people annually, 82% of which is contributed by four groups of diseases – cardiovascular diseases (17.5 million), cancers (8.2 million), respiratory diseases (4 million), and diabetes (1.5 million). Four behavioral risk factors – tobacco use, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and unhealthy diets – increase the risk of dying from NCDs. These risk factors, in turn precipitate four physiologic/metabolic risk factors – obesity, raised blood pressure, and raised blood glucose, dyslipidemia. Obesity, a major contributor to mortality and morbidity, has more than doubled in the world since 1980. In 2014, 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight and 13% were obese. Stress is a single major parameter that is individually related to all the risk factors as well as to the major NCDs. Stress is also intimately related to obesity through release of glucocorticoids and catecholamine’s which alter appetite regulation and metabolism, and through increased intake and unhealthy diet, and harmful use of alcohol. Yoga and meditation trace their origin to India, the first references of these having been found in scriptures as far back as the sixth century BC. Since then these have been cultivated over centuries and have gained popularity to develop a more positive attitude and thus reduce stress. Role of healthy diet and increased physical activity in weight management has been established since long. Present review throws light upon the role of mediation in prevention of obesity, through regulation of release of stress hormones and reduction of harmful behavioral risk factors.

Biography:

She has Obtained Ph.D (Nutrition & Dietetics) degree from the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. She has Completed her M.Sc (Human Nutrition from the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria West Africa. She has risen to the position of a Principal Lecturer (P/Lec). Position of responsibilities held were; Past Head of Department (HOD) Food Technology Department, Strategic Business Unit of MAPOLY Business Ventures, Current Head, Nutrition and Dietetics Department. She is a member of the following Professional Body, MNIFST, MSAFOST, MNSN

Abstract:

Background
The upsurge in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic worldwide and in Nigeria in particular is a challenge for urgent action in the adoption of appropriate dietary management. Lowering the glycemic index of meals can improve the control of diabetics and other nutritional disease.
Methodology
Hence this study was carried out to determine the glycemic index of meals produced from cocoyam, plantain and cowpea flour blend. Three ratios, namely 95/5, 75/25 and 50/50 each were produced from differently processed cocoyam/plantain and cocoyam/cowpea flour respectively. Twelve (12) blends were selected and fed to the rats. A total of thirty (30) healthy volunteers were recruited by random sampling and further divided into ten (10) volunteers each. Pre-tested structure questionnaire was used to collected information on the clinical and anthropometric data. Blood samples were taken from the finger tips by prickling methods.

Results
The results of socio-economic characteristic showed that majority of subjects were within the age range of 20-39 years. The means body mass index was 25.24kg/m2. The mean fasting blood sugar was 73.11mmol/L. The values of starch for both CP were 76.82 to 66.52, 67.63 to 50.49, 67.63 to 50.49 and 72.59 to 53.16, 68.59 to 40.48, 67.63 to 50.49 respectively. The DM for ratio 50:50 were high while 95:50 were lower for CC respectively but the percentage starch were lower for ratio 50:50 and higher for 95:5 respectively. The level of substitution adopted influenced the Glycemic Index (GI), ratio 50:50 had medium G.I of 60, 61 and 58 for SD, DD and OV for CC while SD and DD 50:50 for CP blends had low G.I of 59, 58 and 58 respectively. Conclusion
The study showed that CP of 50:50 blends had better G.I and blood profile. Most of 95:5, 75:25 and 50:50 CP and CC can be consumed by all age groups except 95:5 blends are recommended only for its high dense energy compared to 50:50 blends.

Biography:

Javad Arian Nezhad, Director at Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute, Iran

Abstract:

Introduction: There were many ways to lose a lot of weight in a short amount of time.However, most of them require you to be hungry and unsatisfied. Aim of this study was Effect of sugar on diets in first week of therapy.
Methods: this was clinical study. Sample size was 100 people, Samples were people who were obesity and have weights more than 80 KG. Samples divided into two groups. In first group all sugar used omitted (sauce, syrups, gums and all sugar components). In second groups only have one meal sugar component (they could use sugar once a week). Exclusive criteria were diabetes, thyroid and people which use special drugs. Then after one month all parameter like weight loss, BMI, weights, HDL, LDL measured. All data gathered and used SPSS for measuring. Used chi-square , T-student and correlation tests in this study.
Results: results shows that in first group 5.6 percent more than second group have weight loss and there was significant relationship between cut whole sugar and weight loss, BMI (Body Mass Index) in groups (p= 0.05).
Conclusion: omitting sugar cause to weight loss, recommendation is to change white sugar to brown sugar and change with other components like, palm and free sugar components.

Biography:

Dassanayake has read for his MPhill degree in Anthopometry and exercise science from 2012 to 2014 at University of Peradeniya. He is currently working as a lecturer at Allied Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo and the coordinator of the clinical stream of the BSc physiotherapy degree program. He has published several research works being the initiatives of the Physiotherapy degree program in Sri Lanka. He serves as an advisor to PhysioBD magazine Bangladesh and editor of the Sri Lanka Association of Exercise and Sports Science

Abstract:

This study was conducted with the objective of assessing and comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat of national level female teenage swimmers and age and sex matched non athletic non swimmers in Sri Lanka as the childhood obesity has become a worldwide health problem which is solutions are being searched for. 90 female teenage swimmers who qualified for the School Nationals Meet were recruited to the study and also similar numbers of age, sex and geographical area matched controls. BMI was calculated using the body weight and height while the body fat was analyzed using the seven site skin fold method. In our results, statistical significance was found in mean BMI scores (kg/m2) and Lean Body Weight (LBW) of female swimmers (MBMI=19.03, SD=1.47 and MLBW=42.03, SD=3.74) and non-swimmers (MBMI=22.34, SD=3.07 and MLBW=39.31, SD=2.24) with a p value 0.0001. Mean fat weight (FW) in kg and Fat percentage (Fat %) of female swimmers (MFW=9.39, SD=1.93 and MFat%=18.22, SD=3.35) and non-swimmers (MFW=13.28, SD=2.24 and MFat%=25.11, SD=3.08) were statistically significant with p values for FW 0.001 and for Fat % 0.0001 respectively. This concludes that fat deposition is higher in female non athletic non swimmers from their teen ages which may lead to complicated health problems in there later lives. Swimming has caused to keep fat weight at a lower level and lean body mass at a higher level and therefore swimming can be recommended for children to control their body fat.

Biography:

Lynne Chepulis is a Senior Lecturer and Faculty Research Leader at Waiariki Institute of Technology in New Zealand. She completed her Ph.D in 2008, studying the effects of honeys versus different sugars, and their effects on obesity, cardiovascular disease and cognitive function. Since then, Lynne has led a number of large studies and clinical trials, investigating products that can improve glycemic control and methods of improving nutritional literacy. She has worked both in industry and in academia, and currently has more than 30 published articles, editorials and radio outputs.

Abstract:

Obesity is epidemic, and New Zealand is now the fourth most obese country in the OECD with nearly 2/3 of adults and 1/3 of children being overweight/obese.1Nurses are considered to be the frontline interface between patients and healthcare, and they play a key public health role in the prevention and management of obesity. However, data suggests that nurses in New Zealand are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population despite their knowledge and experiences of the consequences.2 During 2013-2015 nearly 400 undergraduate nursing students in two nursing schools (one regional, one metropolitan) were evaluated for nutritional knowledge and/or measures of cardiovascular disease and obesity. Results demonstrated that the majority of nursing students have a poor level of nutritional literacy, with Maori, Asians and Pacific Islanders having a lower knowledge level than New Zealanders of European descent. More than two thirds of the students measured had a BMI within the overweight or obese weight range (> 25 kg/m2), although their blood results (HbA1c, lipid profile) indicated that only a minimal number of participants demonstrated any current risk of glucose intolerance or cardiovascular disease. However, with a mean age of less than 30 years it is likely that this group will develop significant obesity-related consequences in later life. In conclusion, it appears that the undergraduate nursing population in New Zealand is not well educated in nutrition and its impact on health/wellness. Many students are not educated adequately for this aspect of their professional role, and this should be addressed in future curricula.

Biography:

Joanna Brecher is a current medical student at the University of Manchester, having achieved a B.Sc (Hons) in Medical Sciences from the University of St Andrews in 2014. She has a specialist interest in the prevention of childhood obesity and is avidly working towards a career in bariatric medicine. She has taken a one-year hiatus from her medical studies to pursue a research Masters degree in Global Health Science, comprising original research into current health promotion methods to tackle obesity. She is a collaborative author on two peer-reviewed research articles accepted for publication in high-impact journals for early 2016.

Abstract:

FTO has been recognized as one of the principle candidate genes predisposing to common obesity in humans and numerous weight-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of FTO have been identified. However, understanding of the mechanism of action by which FTO contributes to obesity is limited. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the hypothesis that weight-associated variants of the FTO gene elicit their effect on adiposity by influencing eating behaviour. To achieve this objective, an exhaustive database search was conducted, with 16 studies selected for analysis after relevance screening in line with PRISMA guidelines and rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria. The effects of five FTO SNPs were assessed across the 16 studies: rs9939609, rs1421085, rs17817449, rs1121980 and rs9939973. All five of the SNPs were significantly associated with increased adiposity in at least one study. The rs9939609 SNP was significantly related to multiple appetitive behaviours with the potential to predispose to obesity, including: increased energy and fat intake, risky eating behaviour, decreased satiety responsiveness and preference for energy-dense foods. The effects of the rs9939609 variant on appetite were predominately observed in children. The rs1421085, rs17817449, rs1121980 and rs9939973 variants were not linked to eating behaviour in either children or adults. These results provide insight into one possible mechanism by which FTO may contribute to obesity, specifically in children. One practical application of these results could be to encourage close monitoring of dietary intake in risk-allele carriers of the rs9939609 SNP as a method of obesity prevention.

Biography:

Her academic qualifications are Medical Doctor (M.D.) from ‘Universiti Sains Malaysia’ in 1991, Master of Public Health (M.P.H.) from ‘Universiti Malaya’ in 1996 and PhD. in Public Health from ‘Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia’ in 2014. She had served in Ministry of Health Malaysia and several municipal councils, and currently a medical lecturer at Community Health Department, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences at ‘University Putra Malaysia’. Her interest is in Islamic health promotion.

Abstract:

Yearly, Muslims refrain from eating and drinking from dawn to dusk during the fasting month of Ramadan. Studies show that among those who fasted, there was significant weight loss at the end of that month. Significant weight loss within a month is one of the positive predicting factors for subsequent weight loss and also weight loss maintenance. Other contributing factors include reduced eating frequency and reduced carbohydrate intake. Unfortunately, studies have also shown that the weight lost during Ramadan is often regained within a month after Ramadan. To counteract this effect, Islamic voluntary fasting (fasting outside the month of Ramadan on selected days) can be adopted as a maintenance weight loss program, as studies have shown that adherence to a weight loss program is one of the main factors for further weight loss and weight maintenance. To sum up, obligatory Ramadan fasting and voluntary fasting according to the teachings of Islam can serve as a favorable opportunity for weight loss and maintenance of weight loss, especially for Muslims. As religion is an important part of an individual’s lifestyle, religious teachings supported by scientific principles are potentially promising health-promoting tools.

Biography:

Georgina Sposetti is Chief of Diabetes and Metabolism department at the Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas - Mar del Plata. She has also served as Co National Leader of ORIGIN trial, and as advisor in diabetes area at ECLA (Latin American Clinical Studies), member of the ethic committee at the Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas. She is currently working as National Leader for the DEVOTE trial. Sposetti has been involved in numerous clinical trials as a principal investigator and has been a speaker and presenter at various national and international conferences. She has also published articles in international journals.

Abstract:

Despite the extensive knowledge we have nowadays about Type 2 diabetes and its treatment, with more than 11 types of medications and more than 30 possible drug combinations available, approximately two-thirds of all T2D patients do not achieve the treatment goals. This may be explained by the fact that T2D is a complex disease with multiple physiopathological effects, including insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, hepatic gluconeogenesis increase and beta cell failure, among others. Today, getting the best drug combination and a good compliance for each patient is a great challenge, and physicians must be aware of all the drugs available and their potentials interactions. Thus, the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as a new family of oral antidiabetic drugs offer a new therapeutic approach in the treatment and control of T2D. Throughout history, glycosuria has been a sign of a poor metabolic control; nevertheless, glycosuria is becoming a new mechanism of treatment. The key difference of this new type of therapy that inhibits SGLT2 is that it is acting independently of insulin, so it gives us an opportunity to use it at many different stages during the natural history of the disease. Efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors includes not only reduction of HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose level but also a slight body weight and systolic blood pressure decrease. However we must carefully decide when will this type of drug can be helpful our patients. The most common adverse events reported with these drugs are genital mycotic and urinary tract infections.

Biography:

Kumaravel Velayutham completed his MD from Dr. MGR medical university and DNB endocrinology from national board, New Delhi. He is the director of the Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alpha hospital and research center, TN, India. He is the course director of Fellowship in clinical endocrinology. He has numerous publications in reputed journals has been serving as a guest editor. He has lectured and organized various national and international conferences. He is the principal investigator for many clinical trials and epidemiological studies. He was the project director and lead person in Childhood obesity prevention programme (CHOP).

Abstract:

“For the first time in human history, the number of overweight people rivals the number of underweight people. While the world’s underfed population has declined slightly since 1980 to 1.1 billion, the number of overweight people has surged to 1.1 billion” as quoted by the World Watch Institute in 2004. India being a developing country is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition along with demographic transition and is posed by the double threat of both under and over nutrition. Obesity has serious consequences when started in childhood, as there is a long period of exposure before they reach adulthood. There is big challenge in tackling childhood obesity in India, as there are also children who are undernourished. More important was that the obesity prevalence varied in different regions and different schools with in the same region. Since children spend most of their time in schools, we found that schools would be the best place for intervention both for prevention and management of obesity. We had identified school factors that predispose to childhood obesity and had suggested school based interventions in the management of obesity epidemic. This includes school based nutritional changes, increasing the energy expenditure through non-exercise associated thermogenesis (NEAT) like walking in classroom concept, behavior and psychological counseling to the teachers, parents and students.

Biography:

Maria Rosa Ciriolo is full Professor at the Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy. She is Head of the section “Biochemistry of aging” Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele “La Pisana” Rome, Italy. She is the Editorial Board Member of Genes & Nutrition; The open Nitric Oxide Journal; Frontiers in Cancer Molecular Targets and Therapeutics; MAP Kinase; Trends in Cell & Molecular Biology; Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment. She is author of more than 160 papers on high-ranking journals; 16 book chapters and 110 abstracts of International and National Congresses.

Abstract:

Adipocytes readapt their metabolism to external stimuli restraining stress conditions. Mitochondria represent the central core of these responses. Here we show that nutrient starvation in white and beige adipocytes causes generation of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), mitonuclear protein imbalance as well as the induction of brown-related genes. A newly identified mitochondrial phosphorylated form of FoxO1 (mtFoxO1) drives this metabolic adaptation via an mtROS-dependent fashion. mtROS induces mitochondrial phosphatase PTPMT1, leading to mtFoxO1 dephosphorylation and nuclear accumulation. In nuclei mitochondrial-derived FoxO1 specifically induces the expression of SOD2, UCP1 and other marks of browning including mitochondrial fission. By forcing FoxO1 into mitochondria or down-regulating UCP1, we observed an enhanced mitochondrial stress, implying that adipocyte browning is an adaptive response to nutrient starvation. Collectively, our results highlight that mitonuclear shuttling of FoxO1 has a central role in the browning program and suggest the manipulation of its mitochondrial distribution as an attractive strategy to improve the metabolic function of adipose tissue.

Biography:

David D. Mphuthi Current PhD candidate with North West University (SA) and has completed M.Cur, B.Cur (Adm et Ed), Dip. Nephrology, RN. David is a PhD scholar in Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) also a lecturer in the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa. David has published an article in the Journal of Renal Nursing in 2013.

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO). This condition has global burden as it is now growing at an alarming rate globally. The study aimed at prompting the perceptions of the indigenous people about obesity, and the possible causes. The indigenous people, although they still believe in nature, some of their cultural practices like hunting have been lost due to urbanization. About 1.3 billion people are believed to be overweight globally. In 1998 a survey was done in South Africa which included women between ages 15-95. This survey showed African women being the highest in being overweight. Literature check and small scale research was performed so as to describe the perceptions of the indigenous women’s perceptions of obesity. Interviews were done amongst those who agreed to participate in the study. Although indigenous people still try all the means to maintain the healthy living style, their integration into the urban areas has resulted in them loosing most of their living ways which is perceived as the cause of obesity amongst the indigenous women. Most of the indigenous people no longer go hunting and that has resulted in accumulation of fat with resultant obesity. Lack of plying areas for the young boys and girls was also viewed as the cause. Fear of children being kidnapped was also mentioned. Cultural practices as well plating as described by the participants can play an important role in alleviating the causes of obesity, especially amongst the Africans.

Biography:

Lillian is a trained Nutrionist with basic degree in human nutrition and a Master degree in Nutritional Biochemistry. She is currently a lecturer at the department of Home economics, Federal College of Education (Technical) Lagos Nigeria.

Abstract:

The introduction and improved access to antiretroviral therapy has changed the once deadly infection to a chronic medical condition, resulting in a dramatic change in causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected individuals. Obesity and its cardiovascular sequel are increasingly been reported in literature. However, data on the burden, trends and risk factors for obesity are sparse in countries worse hit by the epidemic. The objective of the study was to investigate the trend and risk factors for obesity among a cohort of HIV infected adults on antiretroviral therapy.We evaluated prospectively collected data in an ongoing observational study at the HIV treatment centre, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. Patients that initiated treatment between January 2004 and December 2009, and completed 5 year follow up were included in the analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors for obesity among the cohort. Of the 8819 patients, 15.8% were wasted, 12.7% underweight, 19.6% overweight and 7.4% were obese at baseline. After five years follow up, only 2.3 % and 3.6% respectively were wasted and underweight. 35.7% and 26.5% respectively were overweight and obese. Female gender (aOR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.81-2.67) and having a CD4 count above 350 (aOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 2.13 – 3.09) were found to be independent risk factors for obesity at multivariate analysis. Type of ARV drug, age, marital status, viral load, and haemoglobin levels did not retain their independent association with obesity after controlling for confounding variables. Obesity is highly prevalent among HIV infected Nigerians on antiretroviral therapy and is associated with female gender and high CD4 count. Programme targeted at prevention of obesity and its sequel should be integrated into routine HIV care.

Biography:

Radha Saraswathy, MSc honours, Panjab University, Chandigarh (1982), MPhil in Genetics and Cytogenetics (1984) and PhD in Medical genetics (1993) Bharathiar University.She is well trained to conduct both cytogenetic tests and molecular genetic tests to diagnose various genetic diseases. At present her research areas are: Genetic studies in Cardiology, Eye disorders, Diabetes and associated disorders and Cancerous and precancerous syndromes. She is working in collaboration with Govt. of Tamil Nadu for screening prediabetes in Vellore district. She joined VIT in Dec 2002 and now senior professor in biomolecules and genetics division; and was instrumental in bringing Masters Programme in Biomedical Genetics and Genetic counseling, Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Abstract:

The chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension is alarmingly increasing rapidly. Obesity predisposes to many diseases. There are genetic and non genetic factors reported to be associated with obesity. Screening of pre-obesity individuals may be helpful in early management and prevention of other obesity associated diseases. In this study, the WHO Asia Pacific Guidelines 2000 was followed to classify the subjects on the basis of their BMI. A total of 300 Type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals were included. Pregnant women and subjects suffering from thyroid problems were excluded from the study. Demographic characteristics were analysed. Molecular analysis of the LEPR gene polymorphism was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). 14.62% were found to be pre-obese (2325) and 16.7% were Morbid Obese (BMI>30). 58.8%. The heterozygous and homozygous variants were associated with BMI. The pre-obese individuals showed 78.1% heterozygous and 21.8% homozygous variants as compared to the obese individuals (66% and 34% respectively). This study reports the association of LEPR polymorphisms on pre-obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in this ethnic population. Thus the prevalence of high risk group individuals could be identified and counseled, and medical intervention carried out for an early management.

Biography:

John David is an vibrant university professor in SHIATS university, Allahabad, in the field of Food and Dairy Technology, having a teaching experience of 21 years. He is a passionate research worker having more than 90 research publication in his credit. Prof. David has guided 45 M.Sc / M.Tech and 10 Ph.D. theses. He is a first class post graduate in Dairy Technology, Seed Technology and Business Administration. He has a flair for writing technical books and already written 7 books of national and international repute in the field of Food and Dairy Technology. Prof. David participated in many national and international conferences and presented research papers. He is an expert in Business Administration too. Prof. David is a regular examiner in number of universities namely, Allahabad Central University, PUSA Agricultural University, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Bihar Agricultural University, Chitrakoot University, U.P.Rajarshi Tandon Universty etc. An orator having proficiency in 10 different languages and a versatile expert for Food and Dairy Technology in All India Radio and Television (Door Darshan) programmes. He is a life member of several professional bodies like, IDA, DTSI, BRS, AGRO-BIOS, Intensive Agriculture and Progressive Research Journal etc. Several of his articles appeared in Hindustan Times, Times of India and other Indian dailies. Prof. David held many post of recognition like Registrar, Chairman, Editor and Research Coordinator in several committees of university. He has been bestowed with Young Scientist award in the year 2006 for his excellent research in the field of Food and Dairy Technology. In the year 2014, he has been honoured with “Pride of the Nation” (Rashtriya Gaurav), “Gem of Education” (Shiksha Ratan) and “Golden Citizen” award for his distinguished service to the nation in educational field.

Abstract:

Tomato is a classic ingredient for many western dishes and is absolute must for any self-respecting women in kitchen. It is one of the most important foods because of its nutritive value and due to its wide spread production. Tomato is a rich source of vitamin C and used as salad, soup, paste, puree, Ketchup, sauce and pickles. Now-a-days there is a great demand for low fat, low sugar but protein rich food items among the mass. Whey protein concentrate has the highest biological value and protein efficiency ratio as compared to other proteins, which makes it suitable for wide range of nutraceuticals and functional food systems. Whey protein concentrate is largely used for development of texture in food products and food formulations and for clinical diet. It is also used for health beverages, meat products, bakery products, confectionaries and protein supplementation of various coagulated milk products. An attempt has been made to enrich Tomato soup by admixing whey protein concentrate powder at different levels i.e. 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. Thus, it can be concluded that the enrichment of Tomato soup with whey protein concentrate will enhance the functional property of Tomato soup which may contribute largely to weight management. As per sensory evaluation concern, T3 (1.5% WPC) was best in chemical characteristics (Fat, Protein and T.S.) and overall acceptability

Biography:

Premanidhi Panda, M.D (MED), HON PhD in Diabetes, MRCP and FRCP has completed his M.B.B.S at the age of 24 years from Berhampur University, India and postdoctoral studies, M.D (MED) from Utkal University School of Medicine. He is the director of Dr. Panda Diabetes Institute, India, a premier Diabetes hospital cum research centre, India. He has worked In Tisco hospital, India, Benghazi Medical (Libya), Medwin Hospital with repute. He has been awarded as “India’s Best Doctor Award:-2013 (Diabetes)” by Medgate Today Survey. He has been awarded MRCP, RCP by Royal College of Physician And Surgeon of America in the year 2011. He has published more than 26 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member of repute. He has been awarded several National & International awards for his contributions

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes—is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. Obesity is a key player in the development of type 2 diabetes, but exactly how excess weight causes the disease isn't clear. “Diabetes and obesity are the biggest public health challenge of the 21st century.” India is heading towards a diabetic explosion with 70 million people. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century, with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country's population. As of 1999, diabetes affected 16 million (six percent) of Americans – an increase of 40 percent in just ten years. * In USA the obesity rate climbed from 12 percent to almost 20 percent. * In 2014 the diabetes and obesity rates increased 6 percent and 57 percent accordingly. * Every three seconds, someone is diagnosed with diabetes. * Both diabetes and obesity risk factors are often associated with race, age, and family history, it’s becoming more and more clear that the conveniences of modern life also contribute to the development of both diseases. For example, * Sedentary lifestyles * High fat, high energy diets (think “Super Size Me”) and convenient foods are known to lead to obesity – but do they also cause diabetes? * Most important role of junk foods has role in diabetes and obesity. Link between Obesity and Diabetes:- *Type II diabetes, about 80 to 90 percent are also diagnosed as obese. overweight places extra stress on your body in a variety of ways, including your body’s ability to maintain proper blood glucose levels. *Overweight can cause your body to become resistant to insulin. * If you already have diabetes, this means you will need to take even more insulin to get sugar into your cells. * And if you don’t have diabetes, the prolonged effects of the insulin resistance can eventually cause you to develop the disease. * Once you begin taking insulin to treat diabetes, you really don’t need as much food. Since your body is using the food properly, rather than wasting it, * Modifying your diet will help you prevent the weight gain often associated with taking insulin. In addition, be sure you monitor your blood glucose levels on a regular basis. New Treatments for Diabetes and Obesity:- Renin blocking drugs Used for Hypertension like lisinopril, enalapril, perindopril, ramipril, quinapril etc. may also be used eventually to treat diabetes and obesity, as well as insulin resistance. In various clinical trials, these drugs are showing positive results when it comes to improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the incidence of type II diabetes. Summary: - Obesity and diabetes can be prevented by following activity. *Healthy Weight. * increase your physical activity. *Give Vitamin * High fibre diet *Low carbohydrate diet *20-30Minuetes Of Brisk walk or any Activity *Fast food culture should be avoided.

Biography:

Kumaravel Velayutham completed his MD from Dr. MGR medical university and DNB endocrinology from national board, New Delhi. He is the director of the Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Alpha hospital and research center, TN, India. He is the course director of Fellowship in clinical endocrinology. He has numerous publications in reputed journals has been serving as a guest editor. He has lectured and organized various national and international conferences. He is the principal investigator for many clinical trials and epidemiological studies. He was the project director and lead person in Childhood obesity prevention programme (CHOP).

Abstract:

“For the first time in human history, the number of overweight people rivals the number of underweight people. While the world’s underfed population has declined slightly since 1980 to 1.1 billion, the number of overweight people has surged to 1.1 billion” as quoted by the World Watch Institute in 2004. India being a developing country is undergoing a rapid epidemiological and nutritional transition along with demographic transition and is posed by the double threat of both under and over nutrition. Obesity has serious consequences when started in childhood, as there is a long period of exposure before they reach adulthood. There is big challenge in tackling childhood obesity in India, as there are also children who are undernourished. More important was that the obesity prevalence varied in different regions and different schools with in the same region. Since children spend most of their time in schools, we found that schools would be the best place for intervention both for prevention and management of obesity. We had identified school factors that predispose to childhood obesity and had suggested school based interventions in the management of obesity epidemic. This includes school based nutritional changes, increasing the energy expenditure through non-exercise associated thermogenesis (NEAT) like walking in classroom concept, behavior and psychological counseling to the teachers, parents and students.