Edita Stokić
University of Novi Sad
Serbia
Title: Therapeutic options for treatment cardiometabolic risk in obesity: Adipose tissue dysfunction as a therapeutic target
Biography
Biography: Edita Stokić
Abstract
Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity may play an important role in the development of the obesity-associated cardiometabolic disturbances, resulting in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lipid and lipoprotein disorders, and vascular, atherosclerotic disease. The treatment of cardiometabolic risk should include weight reduction, increased physical activity and lifestyle changes followed by pharmacotherapy to treat each risk factor individually. The important role of adipose tissue derived cytokines and adipokines in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances may point out an interest to improve adipose tissue function. Substantial evidence indicates that pharmacological treatments and nonpharmacological interventions affect adipose tissue function. Weight loss and increasing physical activity are effective interventions for improving adipose tissue function: weight reduction resulting in a decrease leptin and an increase in adiponectin levels. Treatment with orlistat is associated with decreased plasma concentrations of leptin, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and increased adiponectin levels, indicating an improvement in adipose tissue function. Metformin has a direct effect on adipose tissue production, beyond an effect through weight reduction. Some drugs widely used in the treatment cardiometabolic risk mediate their cardiovascular benefits partly through their direct positive effects on adipocytes production besides primary therapeutical end points. Adiponectin levels are increased by statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones. The goal of obesity treatment is to reduce body weight, cardiometabolic risk, and improve adipose tissue function, which can be done with a combination of pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological interventions. Improving adipose tissue function may play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
