11^th Obesity and Endocrinology Congress July 17-18, 2017 Melbourne, Australia

Biography:

Natalia Romero Sandoval accomplished her PhD at Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (2010) and postdoctoral studies at the Colegio de la Frontera Sur - ECOSUR, Chiapas, Mexico (2015). Currently works as director of the research department at the International University of Ecuador. She has published more than 25 cientific papers, served as Ecuador's National Director of Epidemiology (2011-2012) and worked with Ecuador's National Health and Nutrition Survey team, leaving the Non Communicable Chronic Diseases and risk factors analysis (2013-2014).

Abstract:

Childhood overweight and obesity are serious public health problems which affect populations’ at all socioeconomic levels. Schools are one of the places where attempts should be made to prevent and correct these problems, identifying the behavior of associated factors. We proposed to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and quantify its behavior by means of a survey administered to school children and their parents, in a cohort of 6964 children aged 9 to 17 years, attending public municipal schools in a city of medium-low income in Ecuador. The prevalence of overweight was 18.7% (95% CI 17.8-19.6) and of obesity was 7.9% (95% CI 7.6-8.2), values being significantly higher among boys aged 9 to 12 years. Aspects associated with excess weight were going to school without having their breakfast, not following a diet, ignorance on the part of parents regarding risky eating behaviors of their children outside the home and being a member of a nuclear family, 91.9% of the children were sedentary and 78.2% of obese children did not see themselves as obese. The highest percentage of excess weight is attributed to the fat until the age of 11 years in girls and up to 14 years in men. Among those with excess weight, body fat has less influence than height among the boys, whereas among girls body fat and height contribute equally at all ages.

Biography:

Jagjit Singh has completed his MBBS, MD Medicine from Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India. He is the Professor and Head at Adesh Medical College & Hospital, Haryana, India. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journal at national and international level and international conferences and has been
serving as member of reputed organizations.

Abstract:

About 100 patients of newly diagnosed and old case of diabetes were taken in this study after taking verbal and written consent. They were given subjected to oral and written questionnaires about what they know about diabetes and we found following results out of 100 patients, 70% were not having knowledge of diabetes like what are the signs and symptoms of diabetes and 60% patients were from urban area and 40% from rural area. More over 60% patients did not have the knowledge of diagnosis of diabetes like fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar, HbA1c and urine test. Out of 100 patients, 80% patients do not know about acute and chronic complications like diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma and hypoglycemia and diabetes triopathy. About the knowledge of treatment, 90% did not know what to eat and what to do in case of diabetes. It is a small study, a large study/national program is required to sensitize the patients towards the diabetes because India is a big country with large population moreover with urbanization and life style changes, prevalence and incidence of diabetes are on the rise.

Biography:

Pham Thi Phuong Thuy  completed her  Master of Public Health in 2012 from Mahidol University in Thailand. She works as  Epidemiologist and Program coordinator in NCGM-Bach Mai Hospital Medical Collaboration Center, Hanoi, Vietnam. She has participated in 11 international conferences in Japan, one in  HKU - Pasteur Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, China and one in Chicago, United States of America and many other international conferences in Vietnam. She has published five papers in international journals with  peer reviewers and one in domestic journals. She is highly interested in doing the research on life style diseases.

Abstract:

The study aim to find out the risk factors that influence overweight and obesity, which will contribute to a recommendation to Vietnamese schools of an education program on  healthy lifestyle and behaviors. The survey was conducted  in January 2014,  821 students were selected from a total of 1417 from 2 urban districts in Hanoi, Vietnam. Identifying for  overweight and obesity of student followed World Health Organization standard cut-offs and predicted risk factors by using  logistic regression analysis. We have found 4.1% prevalence of underweight, 59.7% normal weight, 16.9% overweight and 19.2% obesity. The family characteristics are increasing risk factors and strongly associated with overweight or obese children: father overweight or obesity, the Odd ratio (OR) 2.02, and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34 -3.04; mother overweight or obesity (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.51 - 5.30); one of parent obesity (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.50 - 3.27) and both  parent obesity (OR 6.59, 95% CI 1.28 -33.87). Changes in lifestyle are decreasing risk factors and associated with overweight or obese children: weight-reducing exercises (OR 0.16, CI 95% 0.11-0.23); lowering food intake (OR 0.12, CI 0.95% 0.09-0.17);  adding vegetables to diet (OR 0.26, CI 95% 0.19-0.35). The result prove family with overweight or obesity parent and children with high birth weight should be educated to prevent children at an early state. In addition, it is suggested that  to reduce the prevalence of children overweight or obesity, the target for charging positive life style should be set by the students.

Biography:

Munazza Murtaza, currently pursuing her Ph.D in molecular medicine from International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Her lab colleagues and she was involved in targeting therapeutic aspects of metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes through natural or synthetic plant extracts/compounds. Our work has been published in reputable journals. She also won 3^rd prize for presenting my work on alleviation of metabolic syndrome by medicinal plant extracts in molecular medicine and drug research symposium held in our institute in 2015. Her bachelors was in clinical laboratory sciences with specialization in molecular diagnostics techniques.

Abstract:

The obesity epidemic is swiftly sweeping across the world with currently 600 million individuals obese and 1.9 billion adults over-weight. JAK-STAT signaling regulates adipose tissue development and physiology at transcriptional level. Cucurbitacin compounds have been classified as inhibitors of JAK-STAT. In this study, we analyzed the therapeutic potential of novel cucurbitacins in reducing obesity and related metabolic dysfunctions.

We monitored the effects of several cucurbitacins on adipogenesis and glucose uptake in fat cells. Selected cucurbitacins were found to be potent inhibitors of adipogenesis. In diet induced obese mice model, inhibitory effects of cucurbitacins on fat depots were observed with significant reduction in visceral obesity. Increase in adiponectin and reduction in leptin and TNF-α concentrations were also detected in mice. Cucurbitacins mediated these effects by reducing JAK- STAT signaling in visceral fat and muscles of mice. Cucurbitacins also enhanced insulin signaling in obesity induced insulin resistant mice muscles by reducing serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and JAK activity and enhancing activity of AKT/PKB and AMPK. Potential of Cucurbitacins in targeting energy expenditure was assessed through reduction in weight of brown fat and gene expression of UCP-1. Improvement in dyslipidemia was also evident. In conclusion, our results suggest that cucurbitacins are potential therapeutic compounds for combating obesity and related metabolic complications.

Biography:

C Rajkumar Vinayak is a Consultant General and Bariatric Surgeon at General Hospital Taiping, Malaysia. He has completed his MBBS from JIPMER, India in
1996 and MS (General Surgery) from Osmania University, India in 2002. He has achieved his FIAGES and then went on to complete his Fellowship in Advanced
Laparoscopy and Bariatric Surgery from L.O.C. Pune, India. He has been performing bariatric surgeries in Northern Malaysia since 2007 and became the 1st
Surgeon from Malaysia and ASEAN region to be designated as Surgeon of Excellence on Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery by Surgical Review Corporation
(SOEMBS), USA in 2017.

Abstract:

Due to its common complications and high failure rates, Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Bands (LAGB) are commonly associated with re-do procedures. Conventional revisional options include Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomies (SG) which are on the other hand, technically more demanding and are associated with higher risk of leaks and complications compared to primary operations. It is still being debated if these revisional procedures should be done
in the same setting versus a two-step approach or whether a RYGB should be favored over SG or vice versa. Other options include conversion to gastric plication and duodenal switch which are possibly equally effective but all come with a significant requirement of technicalities. Studies have shown that both LRYGB and SG are both feasible and effective options after LAGB with good results. At our center we performed 201 bariatric interventions during 2015-16. Twenty two (22) revisional procedures were performed of which 5 was gastric band related revisions. One of the patients had gastric band erosion where we had to intervene twice laparoscopically, once for removal of band plus drainage and subsequently she underwent a conversion to a RYGB. She was eventually discharged well. All other patients were discharged uneventfully and well on further follow up. The presentation today aims to highlight revisional key steps of a simple but potentially catastrophic procedure.

Biography:

Rupali Parlewar has completed her MD Physiology from Topiwala National Medical College, Mumbai. Currently, she is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Physiology, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai. She has 7 publications in her academic curriculum. She also works as reviewer for some
journals.

Abstract:

COPD is multi-system disorder that is frequently associated with significant extra-pulmonary manifestations. These associations have a significant negative impact over the prognosis and health related quality of life in patients with COPD. The present study is carried out to evaluate effects of COPD on visual evoked potentials before any clinical signs and symptoms of visual impairment appear. Study was done in 50 COPD patients having disease duration of more than 5 years with stable course of illness and 50 (age and sex) matched healthy adults as controls. Pattern reversal visual evoked potential recording was done with monocular stimulation. There was statistically significant increase in P100 latency of both eyes in COPD patients as compared to controls. Statistically non-significant decrease in P100 amplitude was seen. Prolongation of P100 latency in COPD patients is due to development of chronic hypoxemia leading to tissue hypoxia causing slower conduction in visual
pathway suggesting demyelination.

Biography:

Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, originally from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, graduated Russian State Medical University in Moscow, Russia and got her PhD at the School of Medicine, People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia. Dr. Vandanmagsar completed her postdoctoral training at the School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea and National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Currently she is an Assistant Professor at the Gene-Nutrient Interaction Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. Her research focuses on obesity, obesity-associated metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity-induced insulin resistance and obesity-associated inflammation.

Abstract:

We evaluated the effectiveness of a weight loss intervention in Mongolian adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and with BMIs³25.0 kg/m², the first study of its kind to be conducted in Mongolia. Eighty participants (33 men/47 women) aged 32-56 years old received education sessions to improve nutritional habits and increase physical activity. Participants were counseled in-person on two occasions with regular follow-up by phone to eat less (reduce calorie intake by 30-40% and consume fewer fatty foods), shift food intake to earlier in a day, and increase physical activity such as walking, jogging, running and biking. After 6 months, the average weight loss was 4.3±4.7 kg, representing a 4.9±5.4 % reduction in body weight (p<0.0001). Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.5±2.7% to 6.0±1.8% (p<0.0001), and the percent of individuals with HbA1c in the diabetic range dropped from 76.3% to 27.5%. These changes were accompanied by marked improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, including total cholesterol (3.92±1.02 to 3.13±0.80 mmol/l; p<0.0001) and triglycerides (2.11±0.82 to 1.54±0.51 mmol/l; p<0.0001), and modest reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05). The remarkable improvement in glycemic control and lipid profile in participants suggests that a lifestyle modification intervention targeting weight loss may be highly effective for early diabetes treatment and prevention in Mongolians.

Biography:

Jagjit Singh completed his MBBS, MD Medicine at the age of 27 years from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. He is the Professor & Head at Adesh Medical College & Hospital affiliated by Pandit BD Sharma University Rohtak, Haryana, India. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journal national and international level and international conferences and has been serving as member of reputed organizations.

Abstract:

A prospective hospital based study was conducted on 100 patients of Cholelithiasis. All were screened for Hypothyroidism with thyroid function test and Cholelithiasis with ultra sonography of abdomen in those patients who visited our institute
between the period of July 2016 to April 2017.
Recent studies also demonstrated low bile flow in hypothyroid subjects. Furthermore, the Sphincter of Oddi expresses Thyroid hormone receptors and thyroxine has a direct pro-relaxing effect on the sphincter of Oddi. Both low bile flow and Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction are regarded as important functional mechanisms that may promote gallstone formation.
There is an association between thyroid disorders and the presence of bile duct stones. Thyroid testing in patients with gallstone and bile duct stones is recommended because hypothyroidism may be a predisposing factor for stone passage from the gallbladder. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the association between thyroid function and the risk of Cholelithiasis by using the hospital -based data. We got following results.
Out of 100 patients of Cholelithiasis 27 were having hypothyroidism and 73 were having Cholelithiasis but no Hypothyroidism.
We conclude that there is a strong correlation between Hypothyroidism and Cholelithiasis, because Hypothyroidism causes alteration in lipid metabolism and decreases the contractility of Gall bladder leading to biliary stasis.

Biography:

Gary Bukasa Muamba is from Democratic Republic of the Congo and he was working in Congolese Union of Pittsburgh and his research mainly focused on Thyroid
function, Gallstones, Cholelithiasis.

Abstract:

Biography:

Stoffer a Nutritionist (MSc) from Wageningen University (1992) obtained his PhD in Medical Sciences/Immunology at the Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam/ (1998). Following a career in the food supplement industry as science communicator and health educator he founded NutriClaim in 2007, which has specialized in the scientific substantiation of health claims made on food, and in the marketing authorization of Novel Foods in the EU. As partner of the EU FP7 project “MyNewGut”, the project devoted to unravelling of the role of the microbiome in Obesity, Stoffer, as work package leader of WP11, is responsible for providing guidance for microbiome-related health claims and dietary recommendations.

Abstract:

Background: Current dietary and public health recommendations addressing obesity do not as yet include recommendations pertaining to the gut microbiome. As a corollary, no microbiome-related health claims made on foods have as yet been proposed.
Scope: The MyNewGut project aims, amongst others, to provide guidance for the establishment of dietary and public health recommendations related to the role microbiome in the onset and development of obesity. Moreover, the project's forthcomings should allow the compilation of a guidance document for microbiome-related health claims.
Key findings: Of all the physiological effects resulting from changes in the microbiome, insulin resistance is the most direct diet-modifiable parameter related to obesity. Improving insulin resistance is considered to be the key health benefit conferred by the targeted modulation of the gut microbiome, through the development and application of foods containing microbiome-targeted fibers and micro-organisms.

Biography:

Humeda Ahmed was professor in International University of Africa College of Medicine, Sudan. His reserach involved in Childhood obesity.

Abstract:

Childhood overweight and obesity is emerging as a serious health problem in developing countries worldwide. It has immediate and long term health risks. There is an increased risk of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and respiratory and orthopedic problems as well as emotional stress associated with overweight and obesity during the growing years. The most significant long-term consequence is its persistence into adulthood along with its numerous associated health risk. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, several studies addressed the problem of childhood overweight and obesity. However, few studies have dealt specifically with the Southwestern heights where environmental factors and the population genotypes differ widely from the other studied areas.

The study was a cross-sectional study of 145 Saudi children born and living permanently at high altitude (3100m) and 154 Saudi children born and living permanently at relatively low altitude (500m). For each child selected information regarding birth weight and breast feeding were taken from his or her file. Anthropometric measurements were then performed.  Body mass index was calculated using the equation BMI=(Weight (kg)/Height (m²). Fat mass and fat free mass percentages were derived from triceps skinfold measurement. Resting pulse rate (beats/min), blood pressure, haemoglobin concentrations and haematocrit values were measured. Physical activity level was determined using the short form of international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-SF).

Biography:

Bhawana Pant Neupane has completed her BDS ( Bachelor of Dental Surgery) from Dhaka University, Bangaladesh & M.D at the age of 33 years from Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal. She is a lecturer in department of Medical Physiology in Nepalgunj Medical College. She is actively involved in teaching to medical students of this college. She has published 1 paper as a co-author till now named: Goit RK, Jha SK, Pant BN. Alteration of cardiac autonomic function in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

Abstract:

Incidence of metabolic risk factors such as high blood pressure, body fat abnormality, and glucose intolerance is in increasing trend.  Obesity is one of the factors which is commonly associated with these metabolic risk factors. There is scarce of data on relation of obesity with anthropometric indices in specific population. Therefore, the present study is to determine the correlation of common anthropometric indices of obesity with blood pressure among population in mid-western region of Nepal. The result will provide us insight on relevant anthropometric indices for predicting hypertension based on linear correlation calculated from our data. We screened 500 healthy subjects (45±10.12 years) to study the correlation between anthropometric indices and blood pressure. Our result showed strong correlation between Sum of Skin fold, waist circumference, waist hip ratio with blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure). However some of the anthropometric indices like hip circumference and body mass index did not have significant correlation with blood pressure. Provided obesity related morbidity and mortality is burgeoning in our society it is imperative to identify right indicators of cardiovascular disease for specific population. Relevant anthropometric indices can serve as excellent indicators if used based on scientific validation.

Biography:

Elisabeth Eppler is a Senior Scientist in the Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland. Previously, she was the Head of the research group neuroendocrine- immune interactions, University of Zurich, Switzerland and was a Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth. She is a Council Member of the European Society for Comparative Endocrinology (ESCE) and European section of the International Federation of Comparative Endocrinological Societies (IFCES). She has published 40 papers in reputed journals and is an Editorial Board Member for General & Comparative Endocrinology and Frontiers in Experimental Endocrinology.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus together with cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Aside known risk factors for diabetes mellitus such as obesity and genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation has been detected to be an indispensable feature in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Different types of diabetes mellitus exist and different model systems in diverse species are applied in research and treatment. We discuss the use of different species and morphofunctional approaches applied in current research for optimized treatment options such as pharmacological and immunomodulatory treatment as well as islet transplantation and generation of beta cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.

Biography:

During his distinguished career, Richard W. M. Visser D.C. MPH,Ph.D. has focused on the pandemic of childhood obesity among various populations, working in consultation with other international experts. He studied the problem and implemented solutions from many perspectives: as a clinical researcher, academic and educator, activist and politician, entrepreneur, concerned citizen and parent. His work has made vital contributions to a greater understanding of the biological, sociological, and psychological factors surrounding childhood obesity. Having written numerous articles on the subject for professional journals, he has twice presented papers in Geneva at the congress hosted by the International Association of the Study of Obesity, and he’s currently collaborating with the Department of Public and Occupational Health in the Netherlands on a proposal for combating the disease throughout the Caribbean. Early in 2008, he was appointed by the Government of Aruba to head the Obesity Task Force, and a year later, he began his four- year term as Aruba’s Minister of Health, and Sport. Today Dr. Visser continues his innovative approach to healthcare by converging the exponential technological development going on right now with never before seen global connectivity. In so doing empower Nations, by sourcing their most valuable health assets and magnifying their presence through technological innovation, creating never before seen access to quality care and information from within.

Abstract:

Obesity as a disease has reached historical, maximal peak values, with nearly one-third of the world’s population suffering from obesity and obesity-related conditions. We are now witnessing the impact of this epidemic upon the global health status, with non-communicable diseases on the rise. We have also witnessed the shortcomings and failures of past actions taken when obesity is already present. In Aruba, a prevalence of 36% of childhood obesity was found in 2005, with a tendency to increase as compared to the data prior to 2000. Actions to improve heathy eating habits, reduce sedentary lifestyle and enable a social environment to prevent obesity were carried out in a systematic plan in the period from 2009 – 2013 and a positive change was observed in the incidence of obesity compatible with complete deceleration of the epidemic and improvement in health indicators. Through the lessons learned from the project as executed in Aruba, we demonstrate how a specific road map can be developed, implemented and highly successful in addressing the obesity epidemic. The roadmap includes the following steps: a population al basisline study, an awareness campaign, an approved action plan by the stakeholders and Government, changes in infrastructure, the creation of an institute to promote a healthy lifestyle, an introduction to the Exercise is Medicine initiative, and a study of progress with ongoing monitoring.

Biography:

Allan is a physiotherapist working in Australia and Hong Kong. Since 2014, he was funded by the International Postgraduate Research Scholarship from the Department of Education and Training, Australia, for his PhD candidature at the University of Sydney. Allan’s research interests include motor control, skill acquisition and interventions for clinical groups including obese children and particularly children with poor movement skills. He is now working in a project to quantitatively identify and improve the movement skills for both normal weight and obese secondary school children with poor movement skills.

Abstract:

There is a body of evidence indicating a ‘vicious cycle of obesity’ comprising low motor competency, low physical activity, and high body weight status. We propose that this cycle can be broken by improving motor competency.  Therefore, the purpose of this presentation is to explain the pedagogical approach and rationale underpinning an intervention to improve fundamental movement skills (FMS). The pedagogical approach to the intervention is to break the ‘vicious cycle’ by improving FMS of less skilled children.  An effective skill-enhancement protocol for children of all weight status is characterized by a non-competitive, enjoyable, motivate and task-psychosocial climate. Based on current evidence of best practice, two distinct but interrelated pedagogical approaches are selected to improve both content and context knowledge for intervention. ‘Teaching games for understanding’(TGfU) is chosen as it is evident with higher levels of perceived competence, motivation, enjoyment, engagement and effort than the conventional technical skills approaches. However, due to the inadequacy of TGfU in improving technical skills, ‘biomechanics assessments as pedagogy’ is added. The principles of biomechanics are integrated and individualised into FMS coaching and evaluation to maximize the learning outcomes and to assess them objectively.  Other interrelated components considered are settings, participants’ characteristics, teachers’ qualifications, and the physical education curriculum. Consideration of all of these components has been lacking in many interventions to date. Therefore, we implemented these pedagogical approaches and related factors to improve manipulative skills for with Year 7 and 8 school children. It is expected that their FMS, self-efficacy, self-perception and global self-worth will be improved.

Biography:

Jee In Kim has completed her PhD at the age of 37 years from Kyungpook National University and postdoctoral studies from Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine. She is the Associate professor at Keimyung University School of Medicine. She has published more than 38 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an secretary-general at Medical Research Center of Keimyung University School of Medicine.

Abstract:

Obesity is an epidemic increasing its number worldwide due to westernized high fat diet and one of the major risk factors of hypertension. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) involve in gene expression through regulating histone protein deacetylation. HDAC inhibitors are known to exert anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory effect and play protective role in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we applied high fat diet (HFD) mice model to mimic human obesity and observed increased body weight and higher blood pressure of HFD-fed mice compared with normal diet (ND)-fed mice. Then hypothesized that valproic acid (VPA), a FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor, might prevent HFD-induced hypertension. When HFD group reached to pre-hypertensive phase (130-140 mmHg systolic blood pressure), VPA was administered for 6 days (300mg·kg^-1/day). To evaluate the effect of VPA on developing HFD-induced hypertension, the expression of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components and HDAC1, and acetylation of histone proteins were analyzed. VPA administration attenuated the progression of hypertension and altered RAS activation. In addition, increased HDAC1 in HFD-fed mice was reduced responding to VPA administration and lowered histone acetylation level was restored by VPA. The regulatory effect of HDAC1 on angiotensinogen expression was elucidated in MDCK cells using siRNA-mediated gene silencing system. In conclusion, VPA prevented HFD-induced hypertension through downregulation of RAS activity following reduced HDAC1.

Biography:

KE Xinxin now is a year-3 PhD student at School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong under the supervision of Peter C.K. Cheung. Her PhD project is collaborated with labs in Germany and USA. She is expected to complete her PhD on July 2018. She has overseas learning experience in Technical University of Munich and attended different conferences to present her project and idea.

Abstract:

As revealed, our new organ ‘gut microbiota’ has profound effect on obesity and its related metabolic disorders through host-microbiota interactions as well as metabolic pathways regulations. The objectives of this work are to have an in-depth understanding on the effects of probiotics (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei) and prebiotics (oat β-glucans) on the regulation of gut microbiota as well as alleviation of obesity. C57 mice fed high fat diet (HFD) were treated either with probiotics or synbiotics (pro- and prebiotics together) by gavage for 8 weeks. The fecal recoveries of the probiotic bacteria were monitored by qPCR. Levels of animal serum cholesterol and triglyceride were enzymatically determined using commercial kits. The host gene expressing level of TNF-a, CD11c and MCP-1 in eAT, liver and jejunum were quantified by RT-qPCR. The concentrations of cecal short chain fatty acids were determined by GC method. Compared with mice fed control diet, HFD-fed mice gained more body weight and showed a tendency to developing effects of metabolic disorders, including elevated fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol and triglyceride; decreased concentrations of short chain fatty acids in cecal content; and increased the gene expression of TNF-a, CD11c and MCP-1 in eAT, liver and jejunum. Oral administration of the probiotics and synbiotics tended to prevent and alleviate these HFD-induced effects. The intervention of synbiotics is more effective than probiotics in obesity control.

Biography:

Jeongok Lee has completed her PhD at the age of 35 years from korea University and postdoctoral studies from korea University School of Medicine. She is the researcher in korea universiry. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is characterized by tumors that do not express the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or HER-2 genes. Since TNBC does not respond to endocrine therapy, this type of cancer presents an important clinical challenge. Although cisplatin is effective against TNBC, its use is limited due to the development of drug resistance. We found that metformin suppressed cisplatin resistance by downregulating Rad51, a DNA homologous recombinase. Metformin suppressed cisplatin-mediated Rad51 upregulation via regulating the protein stability and ubiquitination of Rad51. In addition, cisplatin increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Inhibition of ERK1/2 blocked cisplatin-mediated expression of Rad51. Metformin suppressed cisplatin-mediated ERK phosphorylation, indicating that metformin regulates Rad51 by suppressing cisplatin-mediated ERK activation. Moreover, metformin increased cisplatin-induced phosphorylation of γ-H2AX, a hallmark of DNA double-stranded breaks, suggesting that metformin enhances sensitivity to cisplatin by inducing DNA double-stranded breaks. Overexpression of Rad51 blocked the inhibition of metformin-mediated cell invasiveness, while Rad51 knockdown enhanced cisplatin-induced invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Collectively, these results suggest that metformin prevents cisplatin resistance by regulating Rad51 expression.

Biography:

Suryateja Chekuri was MD in clinical Internal Medicine and he is f from University of Buckingham located in UK.

Abstract:

Aim:
To assess whether patients with acute asthma are been managed according to BTS guidelines at Ealing Hospital, UK.
To reduce the number of patients who are readmitted following discharge.
Standards:
All patients should have their inhaler technique assesses prior to discharge.
All patients have their medications assessed. The importance of medications adherence to good asthma control should be reinforced to patients prior to discharge. A written asthma action plan for how to manage care should be provided to patients and families/carers. Triggering and exacerbating factors in the patients overall environment should be considered.
Subsequent care: follow-up in the community to be arranged within 2 working days plus specialist care according to criteria within 2 weeks.
Methodology:
A retrospective study has been administered and patient data collected for duration of one month i.e. JAN 2017 from medical records department.
The results compared with the previous audit conducted in Sep-Oct, 2016 and National audit.

Conclusion:

There has been a significant increase in female asthmatic patients from 51% in Sept, 2016 to 68% in Jan, 2017 which is keeping up with the national statistics.
The Median stay duration in the hospital has increased from 2 days to 4 days in the same duration compared to the national statistics of 2 days.
There has been increased detection of new cases of Asthma as 12% new cases were detected in the last 3 months, which conforms with the national statistics compared to 2% in the previous audit conforming to the national statistics of 11%.
There has been significant decrease in the Asthma care bundle used, which has dropped to 52% from 80% in the previous audit but still is significantly better than the national statistics of 28%.

Biography:

Atefehalsadat Seyedan, PhD student of Pharmacology in University Malaya, Kuala lumpur, Malaysia. He have published 6 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Cynometra cauliflora ,belonging to the Fabaceae family, is traditionally used to treat hyperlipidemia and diabetes. This study investigated the anti-obesity and lipid lowering effects of ethanol extract of C. cauliflora leaves (200 and 400 mg/kg) and its major compound (vitexin, 10 mg/kg) on obese mice (C57BL/6) induced by high-fat diet (HFD). Animals were fed with either a standard pellet diet for normal control group or HFD for 8 weeks to induce obesity. The oral administration of C. cauliflora, for 8 weeks, resulted in a significant decrease in body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. Moreover,the oral administration of C. cauliflora, for 8 weeks, resulted in a significant reduction of the serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels compared to the HFD control group. Besides, the C. cauliflora extract treatment elicited a significant reduction in serum levels of glucose and insulin compared to the HFD control group. In addition, histology examination showed that accumulation of hepatic lipid droplets induced by HFD was reduced markedly by C. cauliflora. The present study thus concludes that C. cauliflora can possess hypolipidemic activity that protects the body against adverse effects of high fat diet-induced obesity, possibly through lipid lowering action and improvement in insulin sensitivity. Besides, these findings support traditional knowledge and suggest that C. cauliflora may potentially be useful for managing obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Biography:

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the effects of lifestyle modification and Metformin on Fetuin-A in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) as defined in 2006 by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).

Methodology: 40 MetS subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with Placebo (n=20) or Metformin (n=20) in addition to lifestyle modification for 12 weeks.

Results: All 40 participants completed the study. After 12 weeks, both groups had significant reductions in weight (p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p<0.001). The Placebo group also had significant improvement in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (<0.05). Weight, BMI, WC, FPG, 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h-PPG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and Fetuin-A in the Metformin group are decreased significantly compared to the Placebo group. Reduction of plasma Fetuin-A was significantly associated with TG in the Metformin group.

Conclusion: Lifestyle modification and treatment with Metformin for 12 weeks improved cardio-metabolic risk factors in MetS and reduced Fetuin-A levels. Further investigations are required to confirm the effects of lifestyle modification and Metformin after an extended follow-up period.

Biography:

Irfan Ahmad has completed his PhD in Medical Microbiology from King George’s Medical University, India. He is working as an Assistant Professor in the College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He was the Chairman of the Research Committee and member of the various committees in the college. He has published 21 papers in national and international reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of reputed journals.

Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem throughout the world and one of the leading causes of mortality. Vitamin A and zinc deficiency is frequently observed in patients of pulmonary TB and thus, diminish the activity of their immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on sputum conversion time and immunological profile in pulmonary TB patients receiving antitubercular treatment. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The cases comprised those outpatients with active pulmonary TB (new sputum smear positive) who had attended the DOTS center in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Total 260 patients were enrolled and randomly grouped into four categories of intervention. After completion of the follow-up, some patients dropped out from the study so that total 208 patients completed it. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 and interferon gamma (IFNγ) was significantly (P=0.001) changed and the sputum smear conversion was significantly early in the vitamin A and zinc supplemented group. In this study we demonstrated that vitamin A and zinc may directly or indirectly influence the activation of cytokines. The circulating cytokines play an especially important role in the pathogenesis of active pulmonary TB.

Biography:

Dr. Michael Nova is the Chief Innovation Officer and founding team member of Pathway Genomics. He is the inventor of all wellness genetic tests, and also the Pathway-IBM/Watson mobile Machine Learning application: OME. His scientific career began at the Salk Institute with Nobel Laureate Roger Guillemin, researching the genetics of growth factors. Michael was the founder/CEO of wireless drug discovery company Discovery Partners Inc. (Nasdaq: DPII; $150M IPO). Dr. Nova is an IBM, and Metagenics, Advisory Board Member; the 2005 World Economic Forum (WEF) Technology Pioneer Award Winner; and the physician of record on the first person to have their entire genome sequenced by Illumina (2009). Dr. Nova has degrees in Biochemistry, Computer Science, and Medicine.

Abstract:

Obesity, and sequela Type 2 Diabetes,  are complex disorders that constitute major public health problems. The evidence for familial aggregation of both T2D and obesity is substantial. To date, more than 150 genetic loci are associated with the development of monogenic, syndromic, or multifactorial forms of T2D or obesity; many within lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. SNPs located in or near FTO, MC4R, MC3R, POMC, LEP, LEPR, PLIN1, APOA5, LIPC, FABP2, INSIG2, IRS1, GIPR, ADBR2, ADRB3, UCP1, RETN, ADIPOQ, IL6, PPARG, TCF7L2, and CLOCK, among others, are implicated in both diabetes and obesity gene networks, pleomorphic with nutritional and metabolic traits. A personalized nutritional approach, based not only on phenotypic traits but also on genetic make-up, may help to control body weight, sugar metabolism, and obesity. Recent advances in nutrigenetics, bioinformatics and genome-wide association metabolomics studies are set to unleash a revolution in personalized nutrition.
In this symposium, we discuss the evidence concerning the genetic and epigenetic contribution to individual risk of T2D and obesity, and explore the potential role of nutritional and environmental mechanisms for precision treatment. We also explain how genetics, epigenetics, and environment are likely to interact to define the individual risk of disease; through analyzing the results of a number of recent human clinical trial studies that use genetics to personalize treatment plans for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes management.

Biography:

Matthew Lane graduated with a Bachelors Degree in Political Science from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, and later a Doctor of Pharmacy Degree (PharmD) from University of Louisiana, Monroe, Louisiana, USA. Currently he works at Baton Rouge General Hospital as pharmacist. He is intending to pursue PhD in Biology.

Abstract:

In 2010, the prevalence of obesity in the United State was 36% among adults (76.3 million overweight and 89.4 million obese) and 17% among children and adolescents. For past 2 decades, obesity has increased globally reaching epidemic levels. Obesity is directly associated with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and other disorders like hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, depression, and sleep apnea. Lifestyle management including healthy diet and increased physical activity is the fundamental approach to treat obesity. Clinical studies have shown that weight loss of 5-10% of initial body weight is sufficient to achieve medical benefits such as a reduction of diabetes incidents and cardiovascular risks. However, achieving and maintaining a weight loss is difficult. >60% of adults fail to sustain a 5% weight loss over the year and actually regain body weight. Therefore, pharmacological approach as adjunctive therapy to lifestyle change has been developed recently. The 2013 Guideline for Management of Obesity (USA) recommended consideration of pharmacological treatment for obese adults with BMI ³30 kg/m², and for overweight adults with BMI ³27.0 kg/m² when accompanied by comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia.The current anti-obesity drugs reduce food intake by suppressing appetite, decrease absorption of fat, or increase energy expenditure. FDA criteria to approve anti-obesity drugs is a decrease in body weight ³5% after 1 year of treatment compared to placebo control, or if at least 35% of study participants lose ³5% of their baseline body weight. Weight loss medication also should result in significant improvements in blood pressure, lipids, glycemia or other metabolic conditions.

Biography:

Dr.Muath Alammar has completed his bacholar degree at the age of 25 years from Qassim University, School of Medicine. Currently he is a senior and cheif residents at King Faisal Spicialist Hospital & Research Center and a Teaching Assistant in School of Medicine at Shaqra University.

Abstract:

Background: The prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia is high. This is the first Saudi study aiming to investigate the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) to diagnose obesity among the Saudi population using body fat percentage as the gold standard. Accurate obesity diagnosis is important for the management of patients who are at most risk of obesity and its complications.
Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study including a calculated sample size of 942 subjects who visited the Family Medicine clinics at KFSH&RC from January 2005 to March 2016 and did DEXA scan. DEXA scan was used to estimate body fat percentage (BF%). The diagnostic accuracy of BMI was assessed by using the World Health Organization and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology reference standard for obesity of BF% > 25% in men and > 35% for women.

Biography:

Nga Tran graduated Bachelor of Public Health of University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city in 2004. Having more than five years worked in the area of controlling and preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS at Department of Counselling and Community Support District 8. After obtaining Master of Public Health in Australia in 2012. She started doing PhD at Menzies Institute for Medical Research in Australia. Her project focuses on biological risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Vietnam.

Abstract:

Introduction: Waist circumference (WC) is an indicator of intra-abdominal adipose tissue, high levels of which confer an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Population data on WC should be more informative than data on body mass index (BMI), which is a general indicator of body size. This study aims to evaluate the importance of WC relative to BMI in cross-sectional relationships with blood pressure (BP), glucose, and total cholesterol (TC) in the adult population of Vietnam. Methods: The data were collected in a population-based survey conducted during 2009-10 using the “WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable disease” (STEPS) methodology. The survey participants (n=14,706 aged 25 to 64 years) were selected by using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces representative of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. All measurements were performed in accordance with the STEPS protocols. All analyses were performed using complex survey methods. Results: For men, stronger associations with BP, glucose, and TC were found for WC or an index based on WC than for weight or BMI, and adjusting each for the other greatly diminished the coefficient of BMI relative to the coefficient of WC. For women, this was true for glucose but BMI was more important for BP and TC. WC or an index based on WC provided better discrimination than BMI of hypertension, elevated glucose and raised TC. Information on four new anthropometric indices did not improve model fit or subject discrimination.

Biography:

Aryati Ahmad completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from University of Surrey, United Kingdom and has a Bachelor in Dietetics from National University of Malaysia. She is currently the Deputy Director (Research & Publication) of Reseach Management, Innovation and Commercialization Centre and a senior Dietetic lecturer of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia. She actively involves in research in the field of nutrition and metabolism, obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. She now has almost completed a population health study involving school adolescents in Terengganu, Malaysia and has published in several renowned journals.

Abstract:

Obesity among children has been regarded as one of the most serious public health challenges in this decade. This problem has now become more evident in the developing countries including Malaysia. The prevalence has increased substantially each year. This obesity epidemic is linked with numerous risk factors mainly unhealthy lifestyle. Despite many studies have been conducted on children globally, the real data on determinants of obesity among Malaysian schoolchildren, particularly in sub-urban state like Terengganu, is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to provide the current analyses on obesity determinants including socioeconomic status, dietary intake, physical activity, and physical fitness level and its relationship with the childhood obesity. Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 1,404 school adolescents were involved in the study (46.3% boys and 53.7% girls) from Kuala Terengganu (80.3%) and Besut (19.7%) districts in Terengganu, Malaysia. Data on demographic and socioeconomic were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. Height and body weight were measured and BMI-for-age Z-score was calculated using WHO Anthroplus software. Dietary intake, physical activity and physical fitness level were measured using FFQ, c-PAQ and SEGAK assessment, respectively. All data were analysed using multivariable analysis. In the final model, obesity in both genders was found to be associated with physical fitness level, parental obesity, birth weight, household size and serving of dairy intake. This finding suggests the requirement of multifaceted and community-wide programs and policies including parental important roles in obesity preventive strategies and interventions.

Biography:

Lucy Baldeon Rojas has completed his medical doctoral degree in 2002 at Central University of Ecuador. After, that she followed a Biomedical Master, specializations Immunology and Infectious diseases at Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. From 2008 to 2013 she did a PhD studies at Erasmus University, The Netherlands. Currently, she is the director of the UCE Research Institute of Biomedicine.  She has published several papers related with obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the Ecuadorian population. She won a grant to continue with the research in the MetS and T2D field.

Abstract:

Introduction: Recently we published on a set of T2D-related cytokines, chemokines and growth factors (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, HGF, PAI, Resistin, CCL2, Adiponectin, Leptin, IL-8, and CCL4) measured in the serum of mestizo (Ecuadorian) T2D ambulatory patients and their respective non-diabetic controls. We only found IL-8 and HGF significantly raised in T2D patients versus the non-diabetic controls. We concluded that the mestizo T2D patients only showed mild signs of a raised inflammatory state in serum.

Aim: To test a set of T2D-related cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in the serum of comparable Caucasian (Dutch) and Mestizo (Ecuadorian) T2D patients with the same array system.  

Methods: Using a commercially available multi analyte cytometric bead array system, the serum of age and gender comparable Ecuadorian and Dutch T2D cases and their respective non-diabetic controls were tested. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Data was tested for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Depending on the distribution pattern and the total number of subjects, nonparametric group comparison (Mann-Whitney U test) was applied. Correlations were determined by Spearman correlation. Level of significance were set at p= 0.05 (two tailed).