21^st World Congress on Obesity and Metabolic Diseases June 20-21, 2021 Manila, Philippines

The minerals in foods do not contribute directly to energy needs but are important as body regulators and play a role in metabolic pathways of the body. More than 50 elements are found in the human body. About 25 elements have been found to be essential, since a deficiency produces specific deficiency symptoms.

Proteins are the main tissue builders in the body. They are part of every cell in the body. Proteins help in cell structure, functions, haemoglobin formation to carry oxygen, enzymes to carry out vital reactions and a myriad of other functions in the body. Proteins are also vital in supplying nitrogen for DNA and RNA genetic material and energy production.Proteins are necessary for nutrition because they contain amino acids. Among the 20 or more amino acids, the human body is unable to synthesize 8 and these are called essential amino acids.

The root of obesity ethology is imbalance between dietary energy intake and energy expenditure. Healthy diets along with physical activity are key to good nutrition and necessary for a long and healthy life.  Unbalanced intake of foods high in sugar/starch and fat but low in essential nutrients commits to energy excess, overweight and obesity. Healthy diet includes high protein diet, low fat diet and low glycaemic diet. In the event that a man's body weight is no less than 20% higher than it ought to be, he or she is viewed as corpulent. On the off chance that your Body Mass Index (BMI) is in the vicinity of 25 and 29.9, you are viewed as overweight. On the off chance that your BMI is 30 or over you are viewed as fat. Obesity has different types like Endocrinal and hormonal obesity, Causes and consequences, Childhood obesity, Obesity during Pregnancy, Control of obesity, Weight management, advanced treatment for obesity.

Many morbidly obese people desire to consume food more when compared to their reserves and their need. Hunger hormone called ghrelin was found more frequent in obese patients. The weight loss plan normally implies the intake of vitamins for fitness or weight-management motives. Individual dietary selections can also be greater or a lot much less healthful. , the hypothalamus integrates a number of peripheral signals which modulate food intake and energy expenditure.  Hormones, such as peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, and ghrelin, are modulated by acute food ingestion.

Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescent are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. They are more prone to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases at a younger age. Childhood obesity can fondly affect children's physical health, social, and emotional well-being, and self-esteem.  Obesity can affect adolescent’s health by high blood pressure and high cholesterol, Osteoarthritis, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, Sleep apnea and breathing Problems etc.

Obese people often have chronic low-level inflammation which can cause DNA damage that leads to cancer.  Obese patients are more likely than normal-weight individuals to have disorders that cause chronic local inflammation and that are risk factors for the developing of certain type of cancers. Such as Barrett oesophagus, gallbladder cancer .adipose tissue produces excess amounts of estrogen, elevated levels of estrogen leads to increased risks of breast, endometrial, ovarian, and some other cancers. Obese people often have increased insulin levels in blood and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). High levels of insulin and IGF-1 promotes the development of colon, kidney, prostate, and endometrial cancers.

Weight loss can decrease health risk factors and possibly improve prognosis. Bariatric surgery seems to be the best way for morbidly obese patients to lose weight, assuming that they adhere to principles of risk factor modulation. Weight-loss medications works in most patients who also comply with lifestyle changes, but these drugs have a number of side-effects.Against Obesity Medicine or weight reduction medications are all Pharmacology operators that diminishing or controlling the weight. The medications recommended for the fat people primarily work by either changing an individual's yearning or by the assimilation of additional calories in the body. Weight reduction in people who are fat may decrease wellbeing dangers. Contemplates have found that weight reduction with some solution progresses pulse, blood cholesterol, triglycerides and also insulin resistance. Some examination recommends that long haul utilization of weight reduction drugs may also help people keep off the shed pounds.

Treatments for obesity include losing weight through healthy eating, being more physically active, and making other changes to their usual habits. Weight-management programs may help some obesity patient to lose weight or keep from regaining lost weight. Some patients are unable to lose enough weight to improve their health or are unable to keep from regaining weight. In such cases, a doctor may consider adding other treatments, including weight-loss medicines, weight-loss devices, bariatric surgery.

Obesity can be associated with several endocrine alterations arising as a result of changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary hormones axes. These include hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiency. Adipose tissue has many other important functions that can be mediated through hormones or substances synthesized and released by adipocytes which include leptin and adiponectin. Hypothyroidism is a common clinical problem seen in obese patients and could contribute to the presence of symptoms such as fatigue and inability to concentrate. Hypogonadism and growth hormone deficiencies are both associated with abdominal obesity. The treatment of these two conditions can result in improving conditioning, muscle strength, and stamina in weight loss, improved metabolic profile, and improved bone density.