Biography:

Sandeep Garg has completed his MBBS and MD Internal Medicine from Delhi University. At present he is Professor of Medicine in Maulana Azad Medical College looking after the Endocrine clinic. He is also involved in postgraduate teaching, resource person for the HIV Fellowship, PG diploma in Geriatrics, Hemophilia training programme, Elsevier Clinical Key. He has published around 30 research papers, delivered many lectures and chaired sessions at national and international level.

Abstract:

Various metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity are risk factors for NAFLD. Treating hypothyroidism can prevent the progression of NAFLD to NASH and subsequent CLD in obese. The observational cross sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine in Maulana Azad Medical College. 41 hypothyroid patient with a serum TSH>5.5mIU/L with or without treatment were included. Patients with diabetes, hypertension (BP>130/80mm Hg), consuming alcohol (> 20 gm/ day for men and > 10gm / day for women), past h/o jaundice, pregnancy, on hepatotoxic and dyslipidemic drugs were excluded from the study. The non obese group (n=21, BMI < 28.5kg/m2) and the obese group (n=20,BMI >28.5kg/m2) were subjected to the blood tests including hemogram, KFT’s, LFT’s, lipid profile and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22 version.The mean age was 36.14 years in non obese and 37.75 years in obese subjects. The mean BMI was 24.9 in non obese versus 33.25 in obese subjects. The mean ALT was 36.9 IU/L in non-obese and 47 IU/L in obese subjects. The mean AST was 38.04 IU/L in non-obese versus 48.6 IU/L in obese subjects. The mean total cholesterol, LDL and TG were higher in the obese as compared to the non obese subjects and showed a positive significant correlation with the increasing BMI (Body Mass Index). The mean TSH was 15.68 mIU/L in non-obese versus 15.225 mIU/L in obese subjects. The prevalence of NAFLD in non-obese and obese was 47.6% and 65% respectively. The USG grading for NAFLD correlated positively with increasing BMI in the obese hypothyroid subjects r(18)= 0.642 with p<0.05 and not in non-obese group. The prevalence of abnormal ALT> 40 IU/L was 14.28% in non-obese and 55% in obese. Among the subjects with USG diagnosed NAFLD the prevalence of abnormal ALT was 30% in the non obese and 76.9% in the obese subjects. Increasing ALT levels were significantly correlated with increasing S TSH (r= 0.604, p=0.04) and BMI (r=0.719, p=0.01) in obese subjects. Hypothyroidism leads to obesity which further increases the risk of NAFLD. There is higher prevalence of NAFLD and NASH in obese hypothyroid subjects when compared to non obese hypothyroid subjects. The findings of fatty liver on USG were positively correlating with the increasing serum TSH levels.

Biography:

She is assistant professor at University of Delhi, Ph. D in Food and Nutrition from CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. She is doing research projects on obesity, new product development, packaging etc. and published more than 20 research papers in international journals.

Abstract:

Malnutrition affects both rich and poor group people. Low income group people are at risk for nutritional deficiency disorders while high and middle income group people are at greater risk for obesity. A study was conducted on 150 obese and overweight respondents of North India to study their nutritional status and food consumption pattern. Data was collected using 24 hour recall method and values were calculated using Diet Soft Software. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. In this study males (39%) and females (61%) of age group between 18 to 45 years were included. Mean age of the respondents was 36 years. All the subjects belonged to medium and high income group. Mean body mass index of respondents was 30. Energy consumption and intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, iron, calcium and zinc was calculated and compared with RDA. Food intake frequency and food consumption pattern was also studied. In India obesity though at present is not a alarming situation however the results of the study are shocking and we recommend that if the preventive measures are not taken at this stage than it may take a shape of epidemic. Therefore Life style modification, nutrition education and behavior modification must be taken to tackle this problem.

Biography:

Jose Eduardo Corrente has undergraduate in mathematics and took his MSc and PhD in Biostatistics. He is associate professor at Biostatistics Department - University of Sao Paulo State - UNESP, and his field of research is epidemiology of third age. Main projects are in quality of life, lifestyle and nutritional aspects for older people with respect to eating patterns and adequate intake as well as publications in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to analyze the nutrient intakes according the eating pattern for older people. From March to June of 2011, 172 subjects of 60 years and more and registered in the basic health units of Botucatu city – São Paulo Brazil were evaluated. Anthropometric measures were obtained to classify in obese (Body Mass Index – BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (Body Mass Index – BMI < 30 kg/m2). A food frequency questionnaire was applied to identify eating patterns and transformed the nutrient daily intakes. It was found that high mean of phosphorus and alcohol was consumed by obese men and selenium for obese women. Consumption of high means of protein, fiber, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, retinol, folate, cuprum, vitamin B12 and E were consumed by people with high adherence to the “healthy” pattern compared with the ones with low adherence. Those with high adherence to “snacks and weekend meals” pattern consumed lower mean of vitamin C and retinol. A high adherence to “Fruits” pattern was represented by higher consumption of saturated fat, sodium and selenium, and lower average of fiber, magnesium and manganese; high adherence to “Light and whole foods” pattern represented higher consumption of fiber, vitamin C and potassium; high adherence to the “bland diet” represents lower consumption of protein and more carbohydrates; high adherence to the patter “traditional” represents greater consumption of vitamin D, fibers, iron, folate, copper, and manganese, and less consumption of vitamin B12. As a conclusion, it was observed coherence in the major analyzed nutrients among patterns enabling a better characterization of the intake behavior for older people.

Biography:

Owen B. Nene completed his Secondary Teaching Diploma (STD) 1985. Currently Owen is the Head Of Department in one of the high schools in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Owen has taught learners in different fields including but not limited to Art, History as well as Geography. He also has a Diploma and vast knowledge of teaching the learners with disabilities. He is a member of several organizations, and plays a vital role in decision making.

Abstract:

The first South African Demographic and Health Survey was under taken in 1998 and published in 2002 (MRC, 2002). This survey included South African between 15-95 years. In South Africa the 15 year olds are in the middle of the high school. The survey also revealed that child obesity is a global problem as it is in South Africa. Over 17% in adolescents were found to be obese and had obesity related problems. The survey also revealed that children between ages 5-14 had BMI of about 14, 15-29(about 22). About two high schools were surveyed so as to describe the causes of obesity amongst high school learners. It was revealed that as seen in the 2002 survey, obesity starts at an earlier age. When the children come to high school, they are already having problems with their weight. Amongst the factors identified and described as causes, lack of activity, and junk food were the top of the list. The other cited was the fear of being stigmatized as having HIV/AIDS. Change in the school’s curriculum were physical activity was excluded. Of concern are the effects of obesity on teaching and learning because unfit body cannot house a healthy mind. It is recommended that the physical education be brought back to the schools as it will not only help learners to be healthy but educators as well. Parents are also encouraged to improve the eating habits as the main cause if obesity in children starts from home.

Biography:

Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag, Zoology Department from Water Sisulu University, South Africa observing the anti inflammatory effects and working in the field of Obesity also

Abstract:

Background: Childhood and adolescent obesity is an important predictor of adult cardiometabolic diseases. Current data on age- and gender-specific cardiometabolic risk factors are lacking in the peri-urban Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. However, such information is important in designing innovative strategies to promote healthy living among children and adolescents. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare and determine the extent of cardiometabolic risk factors between samples of lean and overweight/obese adolescent population in a peri-urban community of South Africa. Methods: In this cohort study, 13-17year old male and female adolescents participated in the study. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained for total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (Trig), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and blood sugar. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Body mass index was calculated. Blood pressure was measured; and metabolic syndrome was assessed using appropriate diagnostic criteria for children and adolescents. Results: All cardiometabolic risk factors were elevated in the overweight/obese learners compared with the lean: low HDL-C (RR = 2.21), elevated TC (RR = 1.23), elevated LDL-C (RR = 1.42), elevated Trig (RR = 1.73), and elevated hs-CRP (RR = 1.9). There were significant atherosclerotic indices among the overweight/obese compared with the lean group: TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (2.99±0.91 vs 2.63±0.48; p=0.016 and 1.73±0.61 vs 1.41±0.46; p= 0.014, respectively). Of the 410 participants, 14.4% had no risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (MS) 21.2% had MS. Participants with MS also had lower adiponectin and serum Mg2+ levels, higher hs-CRP. On the other hand markers of atherosclerosis tended to be higher in males compared to females. Conclusion: There are multiple cardiometabolic risk factors among the overweight/obese compared to lean adolescents in this study. The high proportion of adolescents with MS indicates the importance of school health programs to focus on the promotion physical exercise, healthy eating and keeping appropriate weight.

Biography:

Krittiya Mosikanon has completed Bachelor of Science Program in Nutrition and Dietetics, Mahidol University in 2012. She is currently studying for a Master degree in Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University.

Abstract:

Objective: To determine whether β-glucan from yeast reduces waist circumference and improves lipid profile levels in overweight subjects.
Design: Overweight subjects (n=44) were randomized, double blinded to receive 976 mg/d of β-glucan or placebo for 6 weeks.
Results: After 6 weeks of intervention, we found no significant change of average weight between the control and β-glucan groups. Waist circumference (WC) in β-glucan group decreased from week 2 (treatment group 88.83±9.87 cm vs. control group 93.57±5.03 cm, P<0.05) and continued decreasing to week 6 (treatment group 86.5±8.9 cm vs. control group 94.69±3.32 cm, P<0.05). The β-glucan group also displayed better levels of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
Conclusion: Yeast β-glucan supplement for 6 weeks has a great potential to reduce waist circumference and hyperlipidemia in overweight subjects.

Biography:

Vera Simovska is Doctor of Medical Sciences (PhD), spec. of Sports Medicine, subspec. of Nutrition and Director of Master Study of Nutrition at the University of Bitola. She is an Editor of Special Issue: Diet and Metabolic Disorders, OMICS Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy from 2013. Also, she was an Expert for three different programmes in various countries. This work included a position of the National Expert in the Macedonian Ministry of Health (2009-2011), an Expert-Consultant in the European Commission: RTD/FP7, HORIZON2020, EuropeAid (2008-2014) and the United Nation's International Platform on Sports for Development and Peace (2005). She was a National coordinator in several projects covered by the WHO from 2001 to 2015 (CINDI, Move for Health, HEPA Europe) and she is familiar with the European Health Strategy (2008-2013) and Millennium Development Goals. Vera Simovska is the author of over 100 scientific articles.

Abstract:

Truncal obesity is a chronic disease that increases the risk for both coronary heart disease (CHD) and type II diabetes (T2DM) and it’s a growing public health problem worldwide. The purpose of our study was to develop a model of therapeutic efficiency high-intensity lifestyle intervention intended for truncal obese adults with increased cardiometabolic risk. Within the randomized controlled trial at a group of truncal obese adults with presence risk factors for atherosclerotic CHD and T2DM, we suggest the following two types of high-intensity lifestyle interventions: Ist type-low fat, hyper protein, restriction diet (RD) of 1200-kcal/d (women) and 1500-kcal/d (men) with low atherogenic and glycemic index (GI), and a specific relation among SFA, MUFA and PUFA. The IInd type of intervention is composed of RD and the individually dosed physical activity (PA) with gradually, from low to moderate and picks of high intensity (50%-60%-75%VO2max) in accordance to the initial level of the individual aerobic capacity (VO2max) expressed into METs. After 30 days was the increased energetic value of RD for 200-kcal/d related to increase PA. The changes in anthropometric measures, metabolic profiles, VO2max and BMR are evaluated after 30 and 50days. The efficiency of the programmed PA in combination with RD represents a significant higher reduction of BMI (kg/m2), WHR, fat mass index, risk factors for CHD and metabolic complication (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and atherogenic index) associated with truncal obesity and improvement in cardiovascular fitness for 17.16% VO2max from initial level in comparison with applied RD as single treatment in truncal obese adults.

Biography:

Javad Arian Nezhad, Director at Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute, Iran

Abstract:

Introduction: There was some evidence that Metformin used in aid of weight loss in obese patients or in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is beneficial. (2003) we wanted to determine whether Metformin was an effective medication for treatment of obese and sever obese adults who have family history of diabetes mellitus.
Methods: In this study we had 1457 patients .we divided them into two groups with family history of diabetes and with no history of diabetes all of them were women between 25-45 years the patients with history of diabetes were prescribed to take two tablets of Metformin 500 mg per day. They were then followed up four weeks for assessment. Also we divided them into three groups of BMI. (Over weight, obese,sever obese) Results: we compared average weight at start with average weight at the end among these three groups; we noted that there are not differences between them in different stage of Obesity.
Conclusion: We suggest that Metformin can not improve losing weight between patients with family history of type 2 Diabetes.

Biography:

Samuel Taiwo Ibitoye is a Research Student in National Open University Nigeria.He is a prolific, dynamics,dedicated and a goal-getter student. He was born in 06 June 1985,Osun State, Nigeria.He graduated from University of Ilorin with possession of B.Sc(Hon) in Human Anatomy(2005) and where he proceeded to Ahmadu Bello University(2014) to obtain PGDE and at present is a Research Student at the National Open University of Nigeria.

Abstract:

Diabetes is a perpetual illness which requires multidisciplinary push to oversee. Approach of health worker professionals towards patients and for sure patients themselves have awesome effect on the result of the sickness. Objective: This study was gone for investigating the disposition of pharmacists, doctors and medical attendants towards the care of diabetes. Methodology: The state of mind of pharmacists, specialists and medical attendants towards the requirement for exceptional preparing to give diabetes care, reality of Type 2 diabetes, estimation of tight control, the mental effect of diabetes mellitus and the requirement for patient self-governance were investigated utilizing the third form of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3). Results: There were distinction in the mean state of mind scores of the three calling in all sub scales with the exception of that of patient self-rule. Medical attendants had the least mean scores in all the sub scales with the exception of the requirement for uncommon preparing sub scale, where they had a higher score than Doctors yet not as much as pharmacists P <0.001. Doctors had a higher score on the earnestness of Type 2 diabetes sub scale took after by pharmacists and medical attendants. For the estimation of tight control sub scale pharmacists and Doctors had a comparative somewhat uplifting state of mind which contrasted essentially from medical caretakers, who had a low score connoting a negative mentality to the things in this sub scale. In the psycho social effect of diabetes sub scale, Doctors had the most noteworthy score took after by pharmacists, with attendants scoring the least. In any case, there was no factual contrast between the pharmacists and medical attendants\' score, P>0.05. As to the patient self-sufficiency sub scale, all the three experts had a mean score than 4 showing low consent to the sub scale things.
Conclusion: The well being experts aggressor to valuable extraordinary preparing in diabetics care. Medical attendants had the minimum good state of mind towards diabetes: slightest qualities the earnestness of Type 2 diabetes, tight glycaemic control, and patient independence. Doctors and pharmacists demonstrated somewhat inspirational states of mind. Enhancing the disposition of well being experts fits in with cutting edge way to deal with enhance results.

Biography:

Hajnal has completed her MSc in Food and Nutrition Policy in 2014. She also holds a BSc in Human Nutrition from the University of Westminster, London, UK.

Abstract:

The global obesity epidemic has been on the rise for the last four decades. Whilst energy gap models quantified the relationship between energy intake and expenditure, new research suggests that that there is one unstable element in the equation: the human being ( Maha et al., 2013; Swinburn 2001; Gortmaker 2011). It has been postulated that, if humans are left to their own devices, they fail to self-regulate their eating habits (Cooper and Kovacic, 2012). The Nudge concept, advocated by the UK Government and policy-makers seems an elegant almost too easy way to overcome failures in public health policy through behavior change. The aim of the project was to attempt to 1) explore Nudge Theory 2) investigate the political power motives and challenges and finally to 3) ascertain the role of Nudge Theory in UK obesity policy. Desk-based critical enquiry (rooted in critical theory) analysis method was used to explore the theoretical and conceptual connections between the State, power and practical- rhetorical shift currently occurring in obesity policy. It has been concluded that Nudge, embedded in neoliberal paternalism, managed through health system reorganization might not be the final answer to obesity epidemic. It is paramount, that behavioral interventions utilizing Nudge Theory (and including other behavioral economic models) needs to be clearly defined and should complement other public health interventions. Nudge concept should not be uniform – and not treated as one size fits all.

Biography:

Rouham Yamout, completing his Phd from American University of Beirut, Lebanon.

Abstract:

Introduction: In the goal of selecting the optimal obesity measurement to be adopted in multifactorial cardiovascular screening, this study examines three obesity indices: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to determine the optimal cutoff values that best discriminate individuals with cardiometabolic or cardiovascular diseases, and compare their predictive characteristics against five cardio-metabolic and cardiovascular outcome measures. Methods: The service used a questionnaire and direct measurements to assess history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), blood sugar levels, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking status, family history of premature CVD, and socio-economic characteristics of individuals having attended 25 primary health care centers. The screening records of 2165 individuals were analyzed. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) was used to define the optimal cutoff points against a cardiovascular outcome defined as the presence of two cardiometabolic impairments or history of CVD. The predictive characteristics of the three obesity indices were defined by comparing the ROC Areas under the Curve (AUC) and the odds ratio obtained from adjustedlogistic models run between each of the three obesity indices against each of the five outcome measures. Results: The analysis showed optimal cutoff points different from those recommended internationally: BMI: ≥ 28. 6 kg/m2 and ≥ 27.2 kg/m2; WC: ≥ 99 cm and ≥ 92cm; WHtR: ≥ 0.58 ≥ 0.57, for men and women respectively. The central obesity indices were better predictors than BMI for most outcomes assessed according to AUC and logistic analysis. Conclusion: The authors recommend the use of Waist circumference measurement in cardiovascular screening.

Biography:

Mahdieh Niknam is PhD candidate in Nutrition Sciences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2013. She ranked 3rd place in PhD nationwide entrance exam of nutrition sciences field, 2013-2014. She is a member of brilliant talent. She has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals and has published more than 4 papers in Farsi. She worked Two years as a dietician in Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz-Iran. (2007-2009), One year as a dietician in Dr. Mir husseini hospital, Shiraz-Iran (2006-2007) and One year a nutrition adviser in Aliibn Abi Talib, Shiraz-Iran (2005-2006). Mahdieh is interested in epidemiology studies on Non communicable diseases and children obesity research.

Abstract:

Despite the growing body of evidence from western societies on the association of dietary patterns and stroke, limited data are available in this regard from developing countries. This study was conducted to examine the association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk of stroke among Iranian population. This hospital-based case-control study, included 194 stroke patients and 194 controls, was conducted in Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Cases were stroke patients that were hospitalized in neurology ward of Alzahra University Hospital. Controls were randomly selected among hospitalized patients in orthopedic or surgical wards of this center. A validated FFQ was used to assess the usual dietary intakes. We constructed the DASH diet score based on food and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. The prevalence of stroke among those in the top quartile of DASH diet score was 40%, which was 15% lower than that in bottom quartile; this difference was marginally significant (P= 0.10). After controlling for age, sex and total energy intake, adherence to the DASH diet was inversely associated with the risk of stroke (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.28; 0.98). These associations remained significant even after additional controlling for physical activity, smoking, hypertension and diabetes; such that individuals in the highest quartile of the DASH diet score had 58% lower risk of stroke than those in the lowest category (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.96). However, after further adjustment for BMI, the association disappeared (OR: 0.62; 95% ¬¬CI: 0.29, 1.31) indicating an obesity-dependent association. We found an inverse relationship between the DASH style diet and prevalence of stroke. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.

Biography:

Lotte Poulsen has graduated from University of Southern Denmark in 2008 as candidate in medicine and has since then worked in the field of surgery. The recent years she has been training as a plastic surgeon and scientifically she focusses on bariatric surgery, body contouring surgery, patient-reported outcome and health-related quality of life.

Abstract:

Background Patients’ expectations are important in bariatric and body contouring surgery since the goals include improvements in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL), appearance and body image. The aim of this study was to identify patient expectations at different points along the weight loss journey and/or body contouring surgery.
Methods This qualitative study took an interpretive description approach. Between September 2009 and February 2012, 13 cosmetic and 36 bariatric surgery patients were interviewed post-body contouring surgery. Data were analyzed using a line-by-line approach whereby expectations were identified and labeled as expected, unexpected or neutral. Constant comparison was used to ensure coding was done consistently.
Results Participants described expectations according to appearance, HR-QOL, and patient experience of care. Two areas stood out in terms of unmet expectations and included appearance and physical health, i.e., recovery from body contouring surgery. Most participants, who underwent bariatric surgery, did not expect the extent of excess skin after weight loss, nor how the excess skin would make them look and feel. Participants were also not expecting to look as good as they did following body contouring. For recovery, participants did not expect that it would be as long and/or as hard as it was in reality.
Discussion A fuller understanding of outcomes and expectations for this patient population is needed to enhance patient education and improve shared medical decision-making. Education materials should be informed by the collection of evidence-based patient-reported outcome (PRO) information, using measures as the BODY-Q. A PRO scale measuring patient expectations is needed. Our team developed an expectation scale for cosmetic plastic surgery patients, which is being tested in body contouring surgery patients. This scale asks patients how they think their appearance and life will change after surgery. Future research is needed to develop a similar expectations scale for obese and bariatric patients.

Biography:

Engin Korkmazer, Gynecologist from Ankara University, Turkey Observing the effects and diagnosis of GDM

Abstract:

The optimal time to screen and which test to use for GDM remains unclear. Currently, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommend routine risk-factor-based screening (eg, previous gestational diabetes or known impaired glucose metabolism, obesity ) but International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG), United States Preventive services Task Force (USPSTF), American Diabetes Association (ADA), Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA) recommended universal screening in asymptomatic pregnant women at 24-28 weeks (3-4-5-6). Recent studies showed selective-screening missed one third of GDM patients and since 90% of pregnant women have at least one risk factor during pregnancy, universal screening seems to be logical (7-8). Screening methods for GDM are fasting glucose, random glucose, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) or more commonly, 50 gram (g) glucose challenge test (GCT). In GCT, after taking oral 50 g glucose, without considering time of last meal, plasma glucose level is measured one hour later. At the threshold 140 mg /dL, 80-90% of patients will be detected. For diagnosis of GDM, one step or two step approach is used. In one step approach diagnostic test (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is performed without previous screening and in two step approach after GCT, diagnostic test (OGTT) is performed in high risk population. Controversies exist on amount of glucose load (75 g or 100 g), number of high cut–off values and duration of test. With recent study, the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO), it was the first study demonstrated an association between hyperglycemia and neonatal outcome, after performing 2 hour 75 g OGTT (9). After HAPO study, the IADPSG developed recommendations for the diagnosis and classification of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (10). The recommendations of IADPSG for GDM were screening high-risk population early in pregnancy and universal screening with 75 g 2 hour OGTT from 24-28 weeks of gestation and accepting one abnormal value enough for diagnosis of GDM (10). Even though, these recommendations are evidence based they did not achieved acceptance by all associations. ACOG advices to continue screening with two step strategy (GCT followed by a 100 g 3-hour OGTT) using the Carpenter & Coustan criteria only when the GCT is abnormal) at 24-28 weeks gestation (3). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) believed IADPSG criteria will increase costs and interventions and recommends two-step approach to be continued (11). In a recent systemic review considering 75 g 2-hour OGTT versus 100 g 3-hour OGTT; study showed that women having 75 g 2-hour OGTT had a higher relative risk of being diagnosed with GDM (risk ratio (RR) 2.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 6.75). In the study, evidence was found insufficient to assess which strategy is best for diagnosis of GDM (12)."

Biography:

Dileep Rohra is MD from University of Karachi, Pakistan. He obtained his PhD from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. Currently, he is the Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dr Rohra has a rich experience of teaching Pharmacology to undergraduate medical and Pharmacy as well postgraduate students in four different countries. He is the recipient of various research grants and has published about 50 papers. He is the reviewer for many international journals and serves as member of Editorial Board for one journal.

Abstract:

Obesity identified as a worldwide health care issue, previously associated with adults is becoming serious concern among children and adolescents. According to WHO, globally, in 2013 the number of overweight children under the age of five, was estimated to be over 42 million. The epidemiological studies in the Gulf region including Saudi Arabia have reported a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children of all age groups. We at Alfaisal University, as a service to society, felt an obligation to start awareness campaigns for obesity and its health hazards. We targeted junior high schools for these campaigns. With the support of school administration, the faculty and students of College of Medicine, Alfaisal University are continuously visiting high schools to determine the perception among students about the childhood and adolescent obesity. During the Obesity-2005, I will share our experience of fun-filled activities at the schools of Riyadh in order to promote healthy life style.

Biography:

Jaspreet Kaur has completed her M.Sc. at the age of 23 years from Guru Nanak Dev University. Curerently she is working as an Assistant professor of Zoology in Sri Guru Arjan Dev Govt. College. She has published 3 research papers in reputed journals and has delivered 2 oral presentations

Abstract:

Obesity is a complex multifactorial health problem which is associated with numerous diseases including impaired physical functions and quality of life, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Obesity is not only affecting developed countries but its pronounced effects are also reflecting in developing countries including India and became a challenging health issue among adults and children throughout the world. Various international and national studies have shown that obesity tends to run in families. However there is pausity of data on camparative study of obesity and hypertension among punjabi population. Therefore in the present epidemiological study an attempt has been made to compare anthropometric and physiological variables among punjabi parents and their children. This study was conducted from period of August 2012- January 2013 on 102 parents (51 fathers & 51 mothers) and 105 children (68 sons & 37 daughters) of Kot Khalsa area of Amritsar, Punjab, India. Height and weight of each subject was measured using standard methodology and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) was also measured. The results of present study have shown that combined prevelence of overweight/obesity among parents and children was found out to be 61.77% and 20%, respectively which was quite higher even than the populations of developed countries. The present results have also observed that when both parents were overweight/obese then prevelence of obesity among children was 4.5 times more than the children of normal weight parents. On the other hand if only mothers were overweight/obese then their children showed 2.5 times more prevelance of obesity than children having overweight/obese fathers only. In case of blood pressure assessment, the prevelance of hypertension was found out to be 45.29% and 27.46% among fathers and mothers, respectively while in children, the prevalence of hypertension was 29.41% among sons and 29.42% among daughters. It was found out that when both parents were suffering from hypertension then prevelance of hypertension among children was about 11 times more than in children of normal blood pressure parents while children of hypertensive mothers only showed 2 times more prevalence of hypertenstion than children of hypertensive fathers only. The present study reveal that impact of maternal obesity and hypertension have greater impact on childhood obesity and hypertension than fathers. However, present findings needs to be confirmed by taking large sample in longitudinal studies and genetic linkage studies.

Biography:

She has Obtained Ph.D (Nutrition & Dietetics) degree from the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. She has Completed her M.Sc (Human Nutrition from the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria West Africa. She has risen to the position of a Principal Lecturer (P/Lec). Position of responsibilities held were; Past Head of Department (HOD) Food Technology Department, Strategic Business Unit of MAPOLY Business Ventures, Current Head, Nutrition and Dietetics Department. She is a member of the following Professional Body, MNIFST, MSAFOST, MNSN

Abstract:

Background
The upsurge in the incidence and prevalence of diabetic worldwide and in Nigeria in particular is a challenge for urgent action in the adoption of appropriate dietary management. Lowering the glycemic index of meals can improve the control of diabetics and other nutritional disease. Methodology
Hence this study was carried out to determine the glycemic index of meals produced from cocoyam, plantain and cowpea flour blend. Three ratios, namely 95/5, 75/25 and 50/50 each were produced from differently processed cocoyam/plantain and cocoyam/cowpea flour respectively. Twelve (12) blends were selected and fed to the rats. A total of thirty (30) healthy volunteers were recruited by random sampling and further divided into ten (10) volunteers each. Pre-tested structure questionnaire was used to collected information on the clinical and anthropometric data. Blood samples were taken from the finger tips by prickling methods. Results The results of socio-economic characteristic showed that majority of subjects were within the age range of 20-39 years. The means body mass index was 25.24kg/m2. The mean fasting blood sugar was 73.11mmol/L. The values of starch for both CP were 76.82 to 66.52, 67.63 to 50.49, 67.63 to 50.49 and 72.59 to 53.16, 68.59 to 40.48, 67.63 to 50.49 respectively. The DM for ratio 50:50 were high while 95:50 were lower for CC respectively but the percentage starch were lower for ratio 50:50 and higher for 95:5 respectively. The level of substitution adopted influenced the Glycemic Index (GI), ratio 50:50 had medium G.I of 60, 61 and 58 for SD, DD and OV for CC while SD and DD 50:50 for CP blends had low G.I of 59, 58 and 58 respectively. Conclusion The study showed that CP of 50:50 blends had better G.I and blood profile. Most of 95:5, 75:25 and 50:50 CP and CC can be consumed by all age groups except 95:5 blends are recommended only for its high dense energy compared to 50:50 blends.

Biography:

Hoda Javadikasgari received her M.D. degree in October 2012 from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. In 2013, she joined Mayo Clinic as a postdoctoral research fellow in cardiovascular surgery to complete her research skills. Now, she is a postdoctoral research fellow in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. She is not only interested in the clinical research, but also in applying different aspects of artificial intelligence in surgery. One of her efforts was applying the machine learning methods in prediction of comorbidity outcome in morbid obese patients who undergo bariatric surgery.

Abstract:

Obesity is a chronic disease which became a critical pandemic issue in past decades. Related comorbidities are the leading cause of death in morbid obese patients. Bariatric surgery is one of the most reputed treatments for morbid obese patients but the comorbidity outcome after surgery remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to use four mathematical models to predict comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery In this study, 224 morbid obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery were enrolled. Four mathematical models were implemented with preoperative laboratory tests, comorbidity variables, and types of surgeries. Ten fold cross validation was done and their area under receiving characteristic curve (AUC) were reported. The comorbidity outcomes were satisfactory (≥ 50% of individual comorbidities improved or resolved after 6 months) and not satisfactory. The mean age and BMI of participants were 38 ± 9.4 and 44.83 ± 6.3, respectively. Two thousands four patients (91.1%) had satisfactory outcome while 20 patients (8.9%) had not satisfactory one. After 10 fold cross validation, naïve bayes classifier, artificial neural network (ANN), logistic regression (with seven variables), and decision tree (with 33 nodes and 14 variables) had AUC of 0.58, 0.49, 0.48, and 0.38, respectively. It has been shown that naïve bayes had the highest accuracy (P < 0.05) and decision tree had the lowest accuracy (P < 0.05) while the accuracy of ANN and logistic regression were not statistically different (P = 0.48). In conclusion, naïve bayes classifier showed the best performance for predicting comorbidity outcome after bariatric surgery.

Biography:

He is a Doctor of Medicine in Pharmacology with a 14 years’ experience in the specialty and 24 years as a clinician. He has been actively involved with pre-clinical drug research, clinical research, hospital administration and hospital logistics support system (Pharmacy management, equipment procurement & maintenance, turnkey projects etc). His expertise revolves around the training of medical graduates & post graduates (inculcating interest in rational pharmaco-therapeutics), so also in pre-clinical drug research involving in-vitro/in-vivo Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics. He has hands on experience in the traditional as well as the Problem Based Learning (PBL) medical curricula being followed in different medical schools all over the world. He has been an under-graduate and post-graduate examiner for many medical universities in India. Notably, he has initiated a mammoth toxicology & toxinology project for the Indian Armed Forces, involving the compilation & designing of a poison database & poisoning registry for the Indian Armed Forces Personnel & their families. On the administrative front, he has effectively controlled medical staff in 200-600 bedded hospitals.

Abstract:

Obesity, which very recently has been classified as a disease by the WHO, is believed to affect over 2.1 billion people all over the world, as per a study published in the Lancet in 2014. Heredity and genetic typing, diet, physical activity, social and occupational factors play a major role in the course and management of this disorder. Till very recently, pharmacotherapy of obesity has revolved around inhibition of absorption of fats from the GIT (bile acid sequestrants), sterol absorption inhibitors, anorectic agents like amphetamines and fenfluramine, orlistat, leptin, rimonabant, phentermine/topiramate and some recent additions like naltrexone+bupropion as a fixed dose combination. Lorcaserin, a 5-HT agonist, is another recent drug reducing food intake by stimulating the satiety center. However, there are major roadblocks in the holistic control of excessive body weight, like patient compliance, diet control, social factors and adverse effects of drugs. For a disease with such complex etiology and multiple management options, it is imperative that a uniform multi-pronged treatment strategy is outlined. This, again, may be difficult since it mandates involvement of many specialist doctors and a meticulous co-ordination of the treatment strategies for an optimal outcome. This talk will focus initially on the available options, rationale of their use and their drawbacks, so also the putative targets for newer drugs, which may contribute significantly in bringing down the morbidity and mortality from this medical cum social disorder globally. I would be deliberating in detail on the potential new targets for the pharmacotherapy of obesity.

Biography:

Mahdieh Niknam is PhD candidate in Nutrition Sciences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2013. She ranked 3rd place in PhD nationwide entrance exam of nutrition sciences field, 2013-2014. She is a member of brilliant talent. She has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals and has published more than 4 papers in Farsi. She worked Two years as a dietician in Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz-Iran. (2007-2009), One year as a dietician in Dr. Mir husseini hospital, Shiraz-Iran (2006-2007) and One year a nutrition adviser in Aliibn Abi Talib, Shiraz-Iran (2005-2006). Mahdieh is interested in epidemiology studies on Non communicable diseases and children obesity research

Abstract:

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have recently received great attention in the field of diet-disease relations. Limited data are available linking SSBs intake to the risk of stroke. This study was conducted to examine the association between habitual intake of SSBs and risk of stroke among Iranian population. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Alzahra University Hospital, Iran. Cases were stroke patients and Controls were selected among hospitalized patients without prior history of stroke. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the usual intakes of SSBs. Total intake of SSBs was not significantly different between cases and controls (48.2±6.2 vs. 47.2±6.2 g/d, P= 0.90). After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios for stroke across increasing tertiles of SSB consumption was 1.00, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.46-1.54) and 0.85 (0.43-1.66) (P trend= 0.12). No statistically significant association was found between habitual intakes of SSBs and stroke

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction: There were many ways to lose a lot of weight in a short amount of time.However, most of them require you to be hungry and unsatisfied. Aim of this study was Effect of sugar on diets in first week of therapy. Methods: this was clinical study. Sample size was 100 people, Samples were people who were obesity and have weights more than 80 KG. Samples divided into two groups. In first group all sugar used omitted (sauce, syrups, gums and all sugar components). In second groups only have one meal sugar component (they could use sugar once a week). Exclusive criteria were diabetes, thyroid and people which use special drugs. Then after one month all parameter like weight loss, BMI, weights, HDL, LDL measured. All data gathered and used SPSS for measuring. Used chi-square , T-student and correlation tests in this study. Results: results shows that in first group 5.6 percent more than second group have weight loss and there was significant relationship between cut whole sugar and weight loss, BMI in groups (p= 0.05). Conclusion: omitting sugar cause to weight loss, recommendation is to change white sugar to brown sugar and change with other components like, palm and free sugar components.

Biography:

I graduatedfrom Haramaya University with Bsc in Public Health in 2009 and joined Mizan-Tepi universityas graduate assitant immediately after garduation and worked for two years . In 2011,I joined Addis Ababa university to study Masaterin Public Health Epidemiology(MPH) and graduated in 2013 .I have participated two International conferences which held in Addis Ababa in 2012 ,World congress of public health and in 2013, 3rd International conference on Family planning. Participated as Field supervisor and research assistant with different organizations ,like Ethiopian Public health institute(EPHI) and other NGOs. Currently I am working at Mizan Tepi University.

Abstract:

Women in developing countries over their reproductive life span conceive on average six to eight children. Short inter-pregnancy intervals or early pregnancies result in maternal depletion of energy and protein and micronutrients leading to a reduction in maternal nutritional status at conception and altered pregnancy outcomes. Extending birth spacing would presumably provide the women the time to replenish their nutrient stores. A community based quantitative comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three kebeles randomly selected at Tena Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromiya region in 2013. Prior to the study family planning users (MFPM) and non-users for at least one year were identified and registered. A total of 360 sampled subjects were enrolled using systematic random sampling. To see the effect of ever modern family planning method use on the nutritional status of women, both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done. Multicollinearity was assessed before the analysis was done. The mean height, weight, MUAC and BMI of the respondents were 156.7±5.5 (NFP 155.9±5.2 vs. FP157.5±5.6), 50.0±7.2 (NFP 47.4 ±6.1 vs. FP 52.6±7.4), 23.4±2.9 (NFP 22.3±2.4 vs. FP 24.5±2.9) and 20.3±2.4 (NFP 19.4±2.1 vs. FP 21.1±2.4), respectively and the difference noted between the groups was significant. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher among women who did not use family planning than family planning users. Continuous supply of modern family planning with different range is important for improvement of women’s nutritional and health status. Other than this, it is equally important to empower women and to have access for increased dietary intake during the different reproductive life span

Biography:

Emmanuel Antwi Akoto holds a Masters degree in Law and Business from Germany. With a new found passion to combat obesity in society, having overcome obesity himself, Emmanuel founded Fat2Fit Ghana, a weight management company with the goal of helping others overcome obesity in Ghana and beyond. He is author of 7 Simple Steps to Losing Weight, a book which has quickly grown popular in Ghana, showing others the way to a healthy lifestyle. His weekly postings on health and fitness on his website, www.fat2fitghana.com, is read by many.

Abstract:

Obesity has reached epidemic levels in both developed and developing countries. About one third (33%) of the world\'s population has become overweight or obese. By the year 2030, the figure is expected to hit 50% according to a 2014 McKinsey Global Institute Report. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. In general, overweight and obesity are assumed to be the results of an increase in caloric and fat intake. On the other hand, there is supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake, increased portion size, and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major roles in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. Consequently, both over-consumption of calories and reduced physical activity are involved in obesity. Overweight and obesity have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. Psychological health is fundamental to high quality of life, yet, overweight or obesity can lead to emotional disorders such as low self-esteem, depression, self-hatred and social discrimination. Could these reasons be exploited to help combat obesity in our society? I personally went on a weight loss journey not for the physical benefits but for the psychological benefits. Until now, most approaches have focused on changing the behavior of individuals in diet and exercise to regain physical health. A new approach towards regaining mental health as a result of overcoming obesity can go a long way to help curb down the obesity epidemic.

Biography:

Mahdieh Niknam is PhD candidate in Nutrition Sciences at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from 2013. She ranked 3rd place in PhD nationwide entrance exam of nutrition sciences field, 2013-2014. She is a member of brilliant talent. She has published more than 4 papers in reputed journals and has published more than 4 papers in Farsi. She worked Two years as a dietician in Shahid Faghihi hospital, Shiraz-Iran. (2007-2009), One year as a dietician in Dr. Mir husseini hospital, Shiraz-Iran (2006-2007) and One year a nutrition adviser in Aliibn Abi Talib, Shiraz-Iran (2005-2006). Mahdieh is interested in epidemiology studies on Non communicable diseases and children obesity research

Abstract:

Atherosclerosis, with its major manifestation, coronary artery disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Dietary fatty acids intakes favorably effect on inflammatory responses. This study was conducted to examine the association between dietary fatty acid intakes and inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL‑6) and high sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP), in CAD patients among Iranian population. This hospital‑based, cross‑sectional study was conducted in Chamran Heart Hospital, Isfahan, Iran in 2012. Patients aged ≥45 years with first ever symptomatic CAD confirmed by angiography were included. A semi‑quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the usual intakes of dietary fatty acids. The energy‑adjusted daily intakes (mean ± SD) of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), linoleic acid, a‑linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) were 27 ± 9, 22 ± 6, 21 ± 5, 0.4 ± 0.32, and 0.85 ± 0.82 g/d; respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, SFA was directly related to hs‑CRP (P = 0.01) and IL‑6 (P < 0.001) concentrations. Intakes of EPA + DHA and MUFA, were significantly adversely related to plasma hs‑CRP Concentration (P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) but not IL‑6, albeit MUFA was modestly inversely related to IL‑6 (P = 0.08). No significant relationships were observed for other fatty acids, a‑linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. These findings suggest that saturated fatty acids, EPA + DHA and MUFA were significantly related to plasma inflammatory markers in CAD patients.

Biography:

Ritesh Kumar Baboota has completed M.Tech in Biotechnology from Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT) India in 2012. Presently, he is working as a senior research fellow in Department of Nutrition Science & Technology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), India. His PhD work focuses on identifying the mechanisms underlying the anti-adipogenic/anti-obesity effect of dietary molecules. He has published 4 research articles and 2 review articles in journals of international repute.

Abstract:

The increasing prevalence of obesity is becoming a global health concern. Weight gain is associated with several other complications such as hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. To date there is no effective therapy for obesity so there is urgent need for developing strategies to tackle it. Currently, there is considerable interest in augmenting “brite” cell population in white adipose tissue (WAT) or targeting thermogenesis via increasing energy expenditure by brown adipose tissue (BAT). Also, the manipulation of gut microbiota by diet in reversing the development of obesity and its associated complications has been suggested. Recent researches showed the potential of natural-product based dietary interventions to counteract obesity. Capsaicin, a bioactive component of chili peppers, is an important nutraceutical that has enormous potential to prevent and treat obesity. Our recently published in-vitro (Baboota et al., 2014a) and in-vivo (Baboota et al., 2014b) studies have provided evidence for the novel anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity mechanism of obesity. In-vitro, capsaicin inhibited adipogenesis and induced brown-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 cells whereas in-vivo, oral capsaicin decreased adiposity via global nutrigenomic changes in different tissues. In this presentation we will be summarizing our research findings of capsaicin, which could represent a promising therapeutic approach.

Biography:

Momota Hena, completing her M.Sc from Asian University for Women, Bangladesh. she is also doing her research work on the obesity and Overweight

Abstract:

Overweight and obesity is a worldwide concern for its long term impact on health. In many low and middle income countries overweight-obesity as one of the vital risk factor of overweight and obesity. More frequently energy dense food consumption with lower physical activity can cause the risk of overweight and obesity. Though the challenge of solving under-nutrition problems remains in the country, the issue of overweight and obesity keeps rising alongside. A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted during July, 2014 in Chittagong district of Bangladesh among 1040 adolescents from both rural and urban areas. The study was approved by AUWIRB (Asian University for Women Institutional Review Board). The participants were selected only from classes 8, 9 and 10 from every school as the target group was adolescents. Both male and female participants were included from all six schools. Questionnaires in hard copies were given and while returning each student’s questionnaire, their height and weight was measured and recorded by the researchers. The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity is 15.43% in Chittagong. Higher food consumption, less physical activity and higher sedentary behaviors are not associated with overweight and obesity. However, a higher percentage of sedentary behavior is observed. Interventions should be aimed at educating children and their parents as well about nutritional food, importance of physical activity and appropriate BMI range for age and sex.

Biography:

Isaac Ampong, researcher in the School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape, Coast Ghana.

Abstract:

Free fatty acids have been reported to impair insulin action, and also sufficient evidence implicates dietary fat composition in the development of insulin resistance, including impaired fasting glycemia and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The work was designed to determine the effect of vegetable oils consumption on diabetes control in diabetic mice. Forty eight (48) diabetic mice were randomly divided into eight groups of six animals each. The first four groups were fed on chow (control), 10% Red palm oil feed, 10% groundnut oil feed, and 10% coconut oil respectively. The second four groups were fed similar to the first four groups but in addition were administered with glibenclamide (2mg/kg b-wt) daily for the four weeks. Total cholesterol was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in mice fed on groundnut oil only and also in those on the control and palm oil diets plus glibenclamide treatment. There was also significant reduction (p < 0.05) in plasma LDL levels in mice fed on groundnut oil diet only and those on the control, palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil plus glibenclamide. HDL cholesterol was significantly increased in mice on groundnut oil only, and in mice fed on groundnut oil and coconut oil plus glibenclamide. However, triglycerides were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the plasma of the mice on groundnut oil plus glibenclamide treatment. Plasma glucose was significantly reduced in all treatment (p < 0.05). Ten percent fortified vegetable oil feeds (palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil) significantly improved lipid profile and significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic mice.

Biography:

Meenakshi Garg is assistant professor at University of Delhi, Ph. D in Food and Nutrition from CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. She is doing research projects on obesity, new product development, packaging etc. and published more than 20 research papers in international journals.

Abstract:

Malnutrition affects both rich and poor group people. Low income group people are at risk for nutritional deficiency disorders while high and middle income group people are at greater risk for obesity. A study was conducted on 150 obese and overweight respondents of North India to study their nutritional status and food consumption pattern. Data was collected using 24 hour recall method and values were calculated using Diet Soft Software. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. In this study males (39%) and females (61%) of age group between 18 to 45 years were included. Mean age of the respondents was 36 years. All the subjects belonged to medium and high income group. Mean body mass index of respondents was 30. Energy consumption and intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, iron, calcium and zinc was calculated and compared with RDA. Food intake frequency and food consumption pattern was also studied. In India obesity though at present is not a alarming situation however the results of the study are shocking and we recommend that if the preventive measures are not taken at this stage than it may take a shape of epidemic. Therefore Life style modification, nutrition education and behavior modification must be taken to tackle this problem.

Biography:

Kufre Joseph Okop, Phd Scholar in the university of the Western Cape, South Africa. he has published his views on the Epidemic Obesity in his wide research.

Abstract:

Background: Obesity epidemic is associated with rising rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults, particularly in countries undergoing rapid urbanization and nutrition transition. Information on body size perception, obesity risk awareness, and the willingness to lose weight are critical for designing appropriate community-based intervention for prevention of obesity.
Method: A descriptive qualitative study design guided the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with purposely selected black men and women aged 35-70 years living in an urban South African township. Weight and height measurements were taken, and the participants were classified into optimal weight, overweight and obese groups based on their body mass index (in Kg/m2). Participants were asked questions on perceived susceptibility and threat to obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease. Information on body image perceptions and the willingness to lose excessive body weight were also collected. Discussions were conducted in the local language (isiXhosa) and translated into English. Data was analysed using the thematic analysis approach.
Results: Obese and overweight women underestimated their body sizes. Participants generally believed that obesity leads to conditions such as heart attack, stroke, diabetes, and hypertension. However, threat of obesity to personal health was perceived differently in the different groups. Men in all groups and women in the obese and optimal weight groups perceived obesity to be a serious threat to their health unlike the overweight women. Obese participants who were dissatisfied with their body size and those who had experienced weight-related health problem(s) indicated strong perceptions of risk of obesity and CVD. Perceived subjective norms towards body image, and increasing crime rate, inaccessibility to physical activity facilities, and poor perceptions about physical activity were key factors hindering participants’ readiness to lose weight.
Conclusion: Low perception of threat of obesity to health particularly among overweight women in this community indicates a huge challenge to obesity control. Community health promotion strategies that can increase awareness about the risk associated with overweight is needed.

Biography:

Abstract:

Obesity (almost) duplicates the incidence of sexual disorder. Sexual concern and sexual dysfunction in society is epidemic. The aim of this study is (the) evaluation (investigation) of the effect of low calorie diet on level of sexual ability and desire of people who are overweight, fat and obese Material and Method: In this study volunteer (61 women and 10 men) aged between 20 and 25 years old with BMI of 25-47 Km2 who suffered from being overweight, fat and obese and had active partner were selected by purposeful sampling. These people did not have the history of thyroid hormone abnormality, diabetes, anemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, pelvic and genital trace infection, and physical disability. Height, weight, body fat percentage and body mass index of patients were measured by using bascule and digital height gauge and electronic resistance device; the nutrition status, diet habits and sexual ability and desire were evaluated by Arizona questionnaire. . Patients were visited (checked) every week for two months, in each visit, weight of patients was measured and according to that, a new program was given. At the end of the low calorie diet program intervention, the Arizona was completed again by patients. Results: Weight and body mass index in both sex significantly decreased p<0.05.Fat percentage for women also significantly decreased (p<0.05) whereas fat percentage of men body decreased but not significantly. The score of sexual ability in both sexes has not changed. Conclusion: According to the results, the intervention of the low calorie diet program caused a decrease in weight and BMI but there has been no effect on the score of Arizona questionnaire.

Biography:

Fayaz Sahibzada, doing research on the topic Overweight status and associated factors among the Saudi Arabia Female Population

Abstract:

During the last few decades, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) experienced rapid socio-cultural changes caused by the accelerating economy in the Arabian Gulf region. That was associated with major changes in the food choices and eating habits which, progressively, became more and more "Westernized". Such "a nutritional transition" has been claimed for the rising rates of overweight and obesity which were recently observed among Saudi population. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to determine the overweight and obesity status in a sample of females Saudi adults and to determine the relationship between the obesity and factors associated. A total of 1500 female’s participants of age ≥ 19 from Makah govern-orates were included the study. A Self-reported questionnaire was conducted to collect the data. It composed of socio-economic data, disease history, food habits and anthropometric measurements. Overweight and obesity were defined according to internationally standardized criteria for classification of BMI. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 16.0. The data indicated that (23.9%) of Saudi female adults were overweight and (27.7%) were obese. The most common eating habits encountered were eating two main meals/day, consumed meals with family, drinking fresh juices, sweets, and the meals consist mostly of protein. Statistically significant direct correlations were found among these factors (P<0.005).: More than 50% of the Saudi adults females were obese or overweight. Additional monitoring of the obesity status is necessary.

Biography:

Abstract: