Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Andrea Romani
Case Western Reserve University, USA
Keynote: Metabolic syndrome, obesity, nafld and insulin resistance: how inflammation and dysmetabolism consort to epidemic levels worldwide
Time : 09:00- 09:40
Biography:
Andrea Romani obtained his medical degree from the University of Siena, Italy and his PhD from the University of Turin, Italy. Upon completing his postdoctoralrnstudies under Dr. Scarpa, he joined the faculty in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, where he is currently Associate Professor. Dr. Romani has published over 90 peer review articles in high profile journals together with numerous invited reviews and book chapters. He is currentlyrnserving as an Editorial Board Member and an ad hoc reviewer for numerous international journals.
Abstract:
The last thirty years have registered a progressive and dramatic increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)rnand obesity in the population of USA and developed countries, as well as developing countries. Combined, these twornmedical conditions affect about one-third of the adult population, as well as adolescent and children, with some differences,rnat times significant, in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender. Currently, it is estimated that between 500 million to 1 billionrnpeople worldwide are obese, diabetic, or at risk of developing one or both these conditions. The interplay between obesityrnand T2DM onset are not completely understood, making difficult to establish short- and long-term health guidelines andrntherapeutic approaches that can help containing and possibly reversing the incidence and progression of these conditions.More worrisome, the incidence of the metabolic syndrome has also increased in proportion over the same period of time. Thernterm ‘metabolic syndrome’ refers to a group of risk factors that raises significantly the risk for heart disease and other healthrnproblems including stroke, diabetes, and particular forms of cancer. Currently, liver steatosis, with or without inflammationrn(steatohepatitis) and progression to NAFLD is considered pathognomonic of metabolic syndrome, and represents the mostcommon manifestation of the disease. The etiology of these diseases is multi-facet. From the pathological standpoint, metabolicrnsyndrome, NAFLD, obesity and T2DM are characterized by major lipid dysmetabolism both systemic and within liver and adipose tissue. Inflammation is a key component of these pathologies, in that enhanced levels of inflammatory cytokines havernbeen observed both systemically and within specific organs, in which they impair insulin responsiveness and hematic glucosernhomeostasis.Altogether, metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, obesity and insulin resistance pose major financial burdens on the affected individuals, and on the medical and productive systems of the various countries. The predisposition to various complications and the associated financial costs for their treatment point to the necessity to better understand the underlying causes of these diseases and to identify more effective therapeutic approaches and treatments.
Keynote Forum
Edita Stokic
University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Keynote: Nontypical points of obesity
Time : 09:40- 10:20
Biography:
Edita Stokić endocrinologist, Professor of Internal medicine-Endocrinology, employed in the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of thernClinical Centre of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Medical Facukty, Serbia. In 2005. she was appointed as Chief of Department. She is currently the Vice President of Serbian Association for the Study of Obesity and Chairman of the Continuing Education Board (Society of Physicians of Vojvodina of the Medical Society of Serbia).rnShe was President of the Internal Medicine Section and President of Endocrinology Section within same Society. Edita Stokić is an author or co-author of 412rnscientific articles, and publications on obesity, dyslipidemias and diabetes. She has also published monographs - Obesity is a treatable disease and Obesity and adipose tissue distribution – metabolic consequences.
Abstract:
During past few years the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically Obesity traditionally has been defined as arndisease characterized by body fat accumulation to an extent that causes health disturbances, such as insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, sleep apnea, gallbladder disease and somerntypes of cancer. On the other side, obesity isn’t a homogeneous disease - cardiometabolic disturbances which are associatedrnwith obesity, do not, however, affect all obese people.Several studies suggest that “Metabolically healthy but obese” - MHO people show specific phenotype and body composition differences compared with obese patients “at risk”. MHO individuals exhibit lower total and intraabdominal fat mass, lower ectopic fat accumulation and favorable metabolic, hormonal, immune and inflammatory profile. It is not clear what inducesrnpotential transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy profile, and whether genetic, environmental, lifestyle and psychosocial factors have role. Metabolically obese but normal weight – MONW individuals present a subgroup of individualsrnwith normal BMI, and with insulin resistance, higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and mortality.The early identification of individuals with the MONW phenotype would be beneficial and may have important therapeutic implications. Clinical guidelines should be target more to MHO population, especially to standardization of definition criteria.Future studies should elucidate mechanisms of preserved favorable metabolic profile, and specific dynamics of metabolic and neuroendocrine processes in MHO individuals, which may be helpful in tailoring potential interventions.
Keynote Forum
David Mputhi
University of South Africa, South Africa
Keynote: Obesity: The health impact on government
Time : 10:20- 11:00
Biography:
David Mphuthi Current PhD candidate with North West University (SA) and has completed M.Cur, B.Cur (Adm et Ed), Dip. Nephrology, RN. David is a PhD scholarrnin Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) also a lecturer in the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa. David has published an article in the Journalof Renal Nursing in 2013.
Abstract:
Obesity is the health problem in developing countries as it is in developed countries. The developing countries are mostly affected by this condition as they have few or no resources to cater for obesity predisposed conditions. According to World Health Organisation update (2015) overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. In addition in 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults, were overweight and over 600 million were obese.Africa has not always been associated with obesity and the diseases associated with overweight. Yet in recent years therernhas been a sharp rise in the incidence of obesity and chronic diseases which is a major public health problem in many countriesrn(Asfaw, 2006). The study revealed that obese people suffer from chronic diseases like diabetes, arthritis and also poses high risk for heart diseases. The management of these comorbid conditions due to obesity, results in burden on the governments. It is therefore important to control obesity so as to put stop on the comorbid conditions.Most countries have put measures that are aimed at weight reduction so as to reduce the disease burden related to obesity.Medical aids are also putting on some incentives for healthy living styles as they believe and think that obesity can be controlledrnby lifestyle modification. Management of obesity can include amongst other measures; promoting games and sports at schools,diet and nutrition awareness as well as exercising.Most people are suffering from these conditions and get admitted to provincial hospitals that are funded by governments.Most of the governments cannot support these people in their hospitals due to lack of resources. It is therefore important tornmodify the life styles of the people so as to counteract most of life style diseases and conditions like obesity. In South Africa,rnmost of the public schools do not have play fields, which is also a contributory factor to obesity. Child obesity starts from homernto schools as these children no longer have play grounds at schools and also watches television a lot after school. Therefore,parents, teachers and departments of Health must join hands in trying to control obesity.
- Track 1: Obesity and Diabetes: Current research Trends, Track 2: Endocrinology and its Effects, Track 3: Surgical & Non- Surgical Treatments, Track 4: New Trends in weight Loss Management & Track 5: Childhood and its Lifelong effects
Session Introduction
Lacey Durrance
USA
Title: Innovations in corporate wellness: Beyond lunch and learns
Time : 11:15- 11:40
Biography:
Lacey Durrance, MS, RD, LDN is a Registered Dietitian and author who received her education in Jacksonville, resulting in a Master’s of Science Degree in Nutrition. Her professional experience includes 6 years of nutrition education including instructing at the local University, freelance writing, private nutrition consulting, outpatient nutrition counseling and corporate wellness program design and implementation. Specializing in corporate wellness, she leads the nutrition-specific programs as Nutrition Program Manager.
Abstract:
As we continue to target programs toward the treatment of obesity, many occur in the workplace. While often occurring in the form of a Lunch and Learn or wellness presentation, it is time for new and innovative services to aid our ability to reduce obesity rates. This presentation will educate attendees on how offering additional, innovative services in the nutrition space can improve engagement and impact weight status long-term. Feedback from these services will be shared including outcomes data and implementation strategies.
Pearl Sawhney
Grinnell College,
USA
Title: High meat high protein diet: Problems of weight gain and obesity
Time : 11:40- 12:05
Biography:
Pearl Sawhney is a senior at Grinnell College, Iowa, where she is pursuing a degree in Biochemistry, with a concentration in Global Development Studies. She has won numerous science awards in Iowa and has been a research scholar with USDA in 2014. She also has two conference presentations
Abstract:
Of the 22 industrialized countries in the world, the U.S. has the highest obesity statistics and rising. According to the National Institute of Health, nearly 30% of Americans are obese and rising; and two thirds of Americans are overweight. To combat obesity, on one hand the researchers are trying to understand and isolate the genetic strains that are associated with obesity, and on the other hand the social scientists are trying to understand the behavioral aspects of poor eating habits and lack of physical activities that is contributing to obesity. This paper adds to the behavioral research stream by examining the impact of the changing American diet favoring higher meat consumption on obesity. According to the, USDA Americans are consuming 8.5 ounces of meat per day against the recommended amount of 3-4 ounces per day. The paper uses a triangulated approach by using both laboratory tests and a field survey of 537 people in four U.S. Midwestern towns to collect data. Analysis of the data supports the notion that higher portion of meat consumption in daily diet is associated with obesity. The survey results also show that the consumption habits are formed at early ages that become hard to change later in life. Overwhelmingly, the respondents felt that proper knowledge and exposure to healthy eating should be made available during formative years. These results have important policy implications towards dissemination of proper dietary knowledge, school feeding programs, and food subsidies programs in the U.S. to help control obesity
Bojan Polic
University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
Title: Immune sensing of the fat tissue in Obesity: The role of NK cells
Time : 12:05- 12:30
Biography:
Bojan Polic graduated medicine in 1989 and received his Ph.D. in 1996 at the University of Rijeka School of Medicine. From 1997 till 2001 he did his postdoc in the group of prof. Klaus Rajewsky at the Institute of Genetics University of Cologne, Germany. In 2001 he established his research group dealing with Immunology at the Dept. of Histology and Embryology of the University of Rijeka School of Medicine. Since 2008. he is a full professor at the Department and was Vice-dean for research at the School (2008 – 2014). He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Obesity is an increasingly common health issue that predisposes people to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), which can progress to diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). An important underlying cause of obesity-induced IR is chronic systemic inflammation derived from accumulating pro-inflammatory macro-phages in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Currently, it is unknown which signal initiates adipose tissue macro phage (ATM) activation in VAT. We find that a phenotypically distinct VAT-resident NK cells provide a crucial link between obesity-induced adipose tissue stress and ATM activation in VAT. Ligands for the NK cell- activating receptor NKp46/Ncr1 are expressed in human and mouse VAT. Feeding with high-fat diet causes up regulation of Ncr1-ligands on adipocytes, leading to localized activation and cellular increase of NK cells. IFNγ produced by these cells drives early pro-inflammatory macro phage differentiation and promotes obesity-induced insulin resistance. Lack of NK cells, Ncr1 or IFNγ prevents macro phage activation in VAT and greatly ameliorates glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Therapeutic blocking of Ncr1-signaling forestalls ATM activation. Our study identifies NK cells as key regulators of macrophage polarization and insulin resistance in response to obesity-induced adipose stress. The NK-ATM axis therefore provides an attractive new target for early treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome to prevent progression to DM2.
May Tsai
St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne
Australia
Title: : Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding – Perspective from Rural Australia
Time : 12:30- 12:55
Biography:
May Tsai is currently a doctor at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Australia after completing her MBBS/B Med Sci at the University of Melbourne in 2013. She has been involved in cardiovascular medicine research with Professor Andrew Wilson and has published in the International Journal of Cardiology. Her area of interests includes cardiology and perioperative medicine. She is currently completing Postgraduate Certificate/Diploma in Clinical Ultrasound.
Abstract:
Aim/objective
Obesity affects over 60% of Australian population and bariatric surgery is increasingly used to address this issue. However, there is limited literature in the Australian rural context. Our objective was to compare outcomes of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) performed in rural Australia.
Methods Retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent LAGB and LSG by a single surgeon at a rural hospital in Victoria, Australia were obtained from bariatric database. The main outcomes measured were major complications and weight loss over time, expressed as percentage of excess body weight loss (%EWL) and Body Mass Index loss (BML kg/m2).
RESULTS 140(58.1%) and 101 patients (41.9%) underwent LSG and LAGB respectively. No mortality was recorded. Three patients (2%) returned to theater due to staple line leak post LSG. Only 1(1%) patient in the LABG required return to theater for readjustment of band. Post op blood transfusion rates were 2%(3 patients) and 1%(1 patient) in the LSG and LABG group respectively. 7 other patients (5%) undergoing LSG encountered post op complications (6 patients atelectasis, 1 patient atrial fibrillation) compared to 1 patient in LABG group with pulmonary embolus.
LSG group had a higher pre-operative BMI (45.05 ±6.84kg/m2) compared to LAGB group being 43.15±6.73kg/m2 (p<0.05). LSG provided significantly greater (p<0.05) weight loss after 18 months (%EWL 68.75±13.05% and BML 11.73 ± 6.44 kg/m2) compared to LAGB (%EWL46.15 ±23.85% and BML 8.13±5.44kg/m2)
CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery can be performed safely in rural Australia with comparable results to international standards. LSG is more effective than LABG in achieving weight loss.
Amir Alishahitabriz
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
USA
Title: Relation of intelligence quotient and body mass index in Iranian children: A community-based cross-sectional study
Time : 12:55- 13:20
Biography:
Amir Alishahitabriz, after getting his medical degree, he worked for 4 years as a physician in most deprived area in Middle East. In parallel with that he worked as research director for a few national wide projects. He got his MPH from Department of Health Policy and Management, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and currently he is a PhD candidate in Department of Health Policy and Management, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Organization and Implementation Science track.
Abstract:
Overweight and obesity in the children is a global problem. Besides physical effects, obesity has harmful psychological effects on children. We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study to investigate the relationship of Body Mass Index (BMI) with cognitive functioning in preschool children. Thirteen socio-economical elements of 1151 children was measured and analyzed based on their intelligence quantities (IQ) test results. Thirteen out of 33 provinces were selected randomly and schools selected as the clusters in rural and urban areas. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression were used when appropriate. Our analysis showed that IQ was associated with, Household income, Place of Residence, Previous, Delivery Type, Infant Feeding, Father’s educational level and Mother’s educational level (P < 0.001 for all). With using penalized linear regression for eliminating the impact of confounding factor, our study shows, living in Metropolitan (β = 2.411) and urban area (β = 2.761), level of participants’ fathers education (β = 5.251) was positively and BMI (β = -0.594) was negatively related with IQ test results. The findings of present study showed that a lower IQ score is associated with higher BMI. Although this relation appears to be largely mediated when socioeconomic, status considered.
Chris Anderson
Utah Valley University Orem, USA
Title: The Clinical Utility of the Lifestyle for Weight Management Questionnaire
Time : 14:00- 14:25
Biography:
Chris Anderson is the Psychology Lecturer in the Behavioral Science Department at Utah Valley University. He received his PhD in Clinical Psychology from Brigham Young University in June, 2015. He completed his pre-doctoral clinical training as a Health Psychology intern at the Louis Stokes VA Medical Center in Cleveland, OH in 2014
Abstract:
Previous research has suggested multiple behavioral changes are often necessary for weight loss. However the identification of multiple behavioral patterns may be impractical in many clinical situations. The Lifestyle for Weight Management Questionnaire (LWMQ) was created to assist clinicians in the rapid identification of problematic behavioral patterns, assess motivation to change, and identify body image disturbance. Objective: To analyze the statistical properties of the LWMQ on a sample of college students. Method: 118 college students completed the LWMQ and provided information regarding their weight history. A composite lifestyle score was computed to rate participants’ overall lifestyle patterns. Results: Significant differences in overall lifestyle scores were found between individuals losing, maintaining, or gaining weight (means=86.9; 46.1; & 20.7, p < .001). Despite this, the mean lifestyle score of an individual trying to lose weight was 51.9. Significant differences also existed in feelings of guilt and shame and body dissatisfaction between normal weight and obese participants (p < .05). Discussion & Conclusions: The LWMQ is a potentially useful clinical tool to enhance clinical interviews related to weight management counseling. Individuals trying to lose weight may often underestimate the amount of lifestyle changes necessary for weight loss. Obese individuals’ likely experience increased negative emotions related to body image and eating. Further research should examine how the LWMQ performs with different populations.
Edita Stokić
University of Novi Sad
Serbia
Title: Therapeutic options for treatment cardiometabolic risk in obesity: Adipose tissue dysfunction as a therapeutic target
Time : 14:25- 14:50
Biography:
Edita Stokić, MD, PhD, endocrinologist, Professor of Internal medicine-Endocrinology, employed in the Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders of the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina in Novi Sad, Medical Facukty, Serbia. In 2005. she was appointed as Chief of Department. She is currently the Vice President of Serbian Association for the Study of Obesity and Chairman of the Continuing Education Board (Society of Physicians of Vojvodina of the Medical Society of Serbia). She was President of the Internal Medicine Section and President of Endocrinology Section within same Society. Professor Edita Stokić is an author or co-author of 412 scientific articles, and publications on obesity, dyslipidemias and diabetes. She has also published monographs - Obesity is a treatable disease and Obesity and adipose tissue distribution – metabolic consequences.
Abstract:
Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity may play an important role in the development of the obesity-associated cardiometabolic disturbances, resulting in insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, lipid and lipoprotein disorders, and vascular, atherosclerotic disease. The treatment of cardiometabolic risk should include weight reduction, increased physical activity and lifestyle changes followed by pharmacotherapy to treat each risk factor individually. The important role of adipose tissue derived cytokines and adipokines in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances may point out an interest to improve adipose tissue function. Substantial evidence indicates that pharmacological treatments and nonpharmacological interventions affect adipose tissue function. Weight loss and increasing physical activity are effective interventions for improving adipose tissue function: weight reduction resulting in a decrease leptin and an increase in adiponectin levels. Treatment with orlistat is associated with decreased plasma concentrations of leptin, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, resistin and increased adiponectin levels, indicating an improvement in adipose tissue function. Metformin has a direct effect on adipose tissue production, beyond an effect through weight reduction. Some drugs widely used in the treatment cardiometabolic risk mediate their cardiovascular benefits partly through their direct positive effects on adipocytes production besides primary therapeutical end points. Adiponectin levels are increased by statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones. The goal of obesity treatment is to reduce body weight, cardiometabolic risk, and improve adipose tissue function, which can be done with a combination of pharmacological treatments and non-pharmacological interventions. Improving adipose tissue function may play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Claire Beynon
Public Health Wales and Cardiff University, UK
Title: A Secondary Analysis of the Cross-Sectional Data Available in the ‘Welsh Health Survey for Children’ to Identify Risk Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity in Wales.
Time : 14:50- 15:15
Biography:
Claire Beynon has completed her Masters in Public Health from Cardiff University, UK. She is the a Specialist Registrar in Public Health with Public Health Wales with an interest in obesity. She has worked in the NHS in the UK for nearly 10 years in a variery of senior roles. Claire also has a MSc in Sport and Exercise Science, and is passionate about reducing obesity in the UK.
Abstract:
Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in children in Wales is approximately 12%. The health problems associated with obesity are estimated at £5.1bn/year in the UK (equivalent to US$8 billion/year). With childhood obesity come poorer health outcomes; immediately and in the long term.
Aims: To determine risk factors associated with childhood obesity from the Welsh Health Survey (WHS) 2008 to 2011.
Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the WHS, n=11,279 children (aged 4-15 years). Multi variable logistic regression was used to explore associations with childhood obesity and unhealthy food consumption; sugar sweetened beverages; physical activity (PA); currently treated illnesses; sex; age; deprivation quintiles; parent’s employment type and housing tenure.
Results: The study found a significant association between childhood obesity and the following factors: parents being in the routine, manual, or unemployed group OR 1.32 (95% CI: 1.14 to 1.54, p<0.001); mid and high quin-tiles of deprivation OR for mid 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.50, p=0.04) and for high deprivation OR 1.33 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.63, p=0.005); having one or two currently treated illnesses OR for one illness 1.20 (95%CI: 1.05 to 1.38, p=0.008) and for two or more illnesses OR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.85, p<0.001) and not meeting the PA recommendations OR 1.33 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.52, p<0.001).
Conclusions and implications: This study shows an association between physical activity and childhood obesity; and level of currently treated illness and childhood obesity (the management plan for children with chronic illness is potentially modifiable). The recommendations are to ensure that every child meets the PA guidelines, and any child with a chronic illness should receive a holistic package to prevent or manage obesity.
Abhinav Yadav
Utica College, School of Physical Therapy, USA
Title: Combating “Sarcopenic Obesityâ€: Case study for emerging new trends to combat dual task of muscle increment and fat loss
Time : 15:15- 15:40
Biography:
Abhinav Yadav has completed his masters in sports physical therapy at the age 25 from Guru Nanak Dev University, India, and is currently pursuing his clinical doctoral from Utica College, NY. He has been associated with the field of sports medicine and physiotherapy for last 5 years and has 2 certifications in field of athlete training as well (CSCS-NSCA & CPT-ACSM). He is a licenced physical thrapist in state of New York since Feb 2014.
Abstract:
The purpose of investigation was to observe effects of a combination of long distance cycling and strength training on body composition (body weight, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass and total body water) aerobic fitness, and how it can help in managing the new emerging epidemic of Sarcopenic Obesity (SO). 50-year-old male, recreational cyclist Dr. Unni Karunakara, after retiring from the post if international president of MSF (Medicine San Frontieres) had planned to go for a pan-Indian tour on bycycle, from Sri-nagar to Trivandrum, covering total of over 5500 kilometers, to increase awareness about medical social work and generate funds for MSF. Considering his age and sedentary lifestyle, we formulated a plan to work for increments in his muscle mass and trying to reduce the percentage of fat in his body which was on the higher side. Body compositions, basal metabolic rate, % Body Fat, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass measured by In-Body BIA (Bio-Impedance Analyzer), VO2Max by Monark Bike (Astrand Protocol). He was evaluated 3 times in total, one initial assessment, 1 assessment during the tour and a final assessment to compare overall values. SO refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with increasing age and increment in the adiposity of an individual. Traditional weight loss programs are not very effective in controlling this increasing epidemic. A combination of strength training and aerobic exercises are required for improvement in the longer run.
Lori Liebl
University of Wyoming, USA
Title: Maintaining weight loss after bariatric surgery
Time : 15:40- 16:05
Biography:
Lori Liebl completed her Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Her area of research focuses on Family Centered Care in the Promotion of Healthy Behaviors; specifically to the treatment of obesity. Dr. Liebl has facilitated regional discussions and orally presented the findings from her research along with other content related to management of weight loss. Additionally, she has taught college and university courses related to health promotion and family behavioral lifestyle changes.
Abstract:
Bariatric surgery is an effective sustainable weight loss method for individuals who are obese. Unfortunately, weight gain still occurs in the years following surgery. The majority of studies examine a homogeneous demographic group of adult post-bariatric surgical patients who have gone through initial weight loss, which occurs within the first 12 to 18 months post-surgery. Maintenance of weight loss begins two years after bariatric surgery; however, there is a paucity of research examining experiences during this period. The lack of conclusive research related to interactions between intrapersonal, behavioral, and environmental influences suggests a need to develop a better understanding of patients’ experiences related to weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory provided the framework for the semi-structured, in-person interviews for this qualitative descriptive study. This study describes the experiences of adults who were successful and unsuccessful in maintaining weight loss post-bariatric surgery. Successful participants n=14, identified negative attitudes, influences, and behaviors; modification of their environment to support their desired healthy behavior occurred. Unsuccessful participants n=6, failed to modify or alter their environment to support healthy behaviors. In order to maintain weight loss, an individual must seek out and surround themselves with positive family and peer support influences. Therapeutic education and counseling for individuals, couples, and families should occur during all stages of bariatric surgery. Communication techniques to empower clients to deflect negative comments and influences in a healthy constructive manner should be taught. Support groups to accommodate the various stages of bariatric surgery should be arranged.
Emmanuel Mukwevho
North West University, Department of Biochemistry, Mmabatho
South Africa.
Title: Exercise-induced Calmodulin dependent protein kinase (camk) II activation regulates saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in rat skeletal muscle.
Time : 16:20- 16:45
Biography:
Emmanuel Mukwevho has completed his PhD in 2010 from University of Cape Town, South Africa in Anatomy and Cell Biology. He is an Associate Professor of Biochemistry at North West University, South Africa. He has published both nationally and intaernationally in reputed journals and his specialiality is in Obesity and Diabetes where he lead the Diabetes & Obesity Therapeutics Research group at North West University.
Abstract:
CaMKII regulates many pathways involved in the regulation of various cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in myriad health benefits. Exercise is a key activator of CaMKII, and shown to improve many functional activities in individuals who exercise compared with those who do not exercise, however the mechanism involved not yet fully elucidated, which became the objective of this study. In this study using rats, we investigated various lipids metabolism for both saturated and non-saturated fatty acids in rats that exercised, non-exercised and exercised+KN93 (CaMKII inhibitor). Lipids were analysed using GC×GC TOFMS. Palmitoleic acid and oleic acid which are monounsaturated fatty acids known to promote insulin sensitivity and improve glycaemic control were investigated. Levels of the exercise group showed ~2.0 fold increase compared with the non-exercise (control) group. Abolishing CaMKII activity by administration of KN93 significantly decreased exercise-induced Palmitoleic acid levels. Oleic acid levels of the exercise group were ~ 4.1 folds higher than the non-exercise group and followed the same pattern as Palmitoleic acid. Lauric acid is a saturated fatty acid, which increases fatty acid needed for better health. The exercise group showed ~ 8.7 fold increase compared with the non-exercise group of Lauric acid. The exercise + KN93 group significantly reduced induction by ~2.5 fold compared with the exercise group. On the other hand, Myristic acid and palmitic acid which are saturated fatty acids known to increase risk factors of metabolic syndrome. The myristic acid level of the exercise group decreased by ~3.4 fold compared with the control group, whereas the exercise + KN93 group significantly increased by ~4.3 compared with the exercise group. In conclusion, CaMKII can reduce the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Houjian Cai
University of Georgia, USA
Title: Metabolism of saturated fatty acids accelerate Src-mediated prostate tumor progression
Time : 16:45- 17:10
Biography:
Houjian Cai, is completing his Phd from the University of Georgia, USA. He has Observed on the Epidemiological studies for studying the prostrate cancer.
Abstract:
Epidemiological studies suggest that a high fat diet or certain saturated fats are associated with advanced stages and/or mortality of prostate cancer. However, the molecular basis of this association is unknown. We demonstrate that Src kinase modulates prostate tumor growth under a diet high in saturated fatty acids. Knockdown of Src kinase prevented high fat diet-induced tumor growth, whereas a high fat diet significantly accelerated prostate tumorigenesis mediated by overexpression of Src kinase. We present evidence that dietary saturated fatty acids accelerate Src-mediated tumorigenesis by two complementary mechanisms that result in increased Src kinase signaling in detergent resistant membranes. The mechanisms include altering ceramide compositions and elevated myristoylation of Src kinase. The combination of these dual effects accelerated Src-dependent MAPK pathway signaling and prostate tumorigenesis. Targeting myristoylation of Src kinase, which is required for its association at the cellular membrane, inhibited high fat diet accelerated Src-mediated tumorigenesis. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the association of a high fat diet with prostate tumor progression.The association between the risk of prostate cancer development and progression and a high fat diet is controversial. We provide evidence that Src kinase, a frequently up-regulated oncogene in prostate cancer mediates high fat diet accelerated tumor progression. We demonstrate a mechanistic understanding of how dietary saturated fatty acids influence Src-mediated prostate cancer progression through alteration of plasma membrane compositions and protein acylation. This study suggests that diet choice can be used as a strategy in modulating tumor progression of cancer patients, and provides therapeutic approaches for inhibiting Src-induced cancer progression. For prostate cancer survivors, a diet low in saturated fat may be beneficial in reducing the risk of Src-mediated aggressive prostate cancer
Javad Arian Nezhad
Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute, Iran
Title: Evaluation of the effect of low calorie diet on level of sexual ability and desire of people who are overweight, fat and obese
Time : 17:10- 17:35
Biography:
Javad Arian Nezhad, Director at Arian Pouya Obesity Research Institute.
Abstract:
Introduction: Obesity (almost) duplicates the incidence of sexual disorder. Sexual concern and sexual dysfunction in society is epidemic. The aim of this study is (the) evaluation (investigation) of the effect of low calorie diet on level of sexual ability and desire of people who are overweight, fat and obese.
Material and Method: In this study volunteer (61 women and 10 men) aged between 20 and 25 years old with BMI of 25-47 Km2 who suffered from being overweight, fat and obese and had active partner were selected by purposeful sampling. These people did not have the history of thyroid hormone abnormality, diabetes, anemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, pelvic and genital trace infection, and physical disability. Height, weight, body fat percentage and body mass index of patients were measured by using bascule and digital height gauge and electronic resistance device; the nutrition status, diet habits and sexual ability and desire were evaluated by Arizona questionnaire. . Patients were visited (checked) every week for two months, in each visit, weight of patients was measured and according to that, a new program was given. At the end of the low calorie diet program intervention, the Arizona was completed again by patients.
Results:Weight and body mass index in both sex significantly decreased p<0.05.Fat percentage for women also significantly decreased (p<0.05) whereas fat percentage of men body decreased but not significantly. The score of sexual ability in both sexes has not changed.
Conclusion: According to the results, the intervention of the low calorie diet program caused a decrease in weight and BMI but there has been no effect on the score of Arizona questionnaire.
Robert Wildman
DYMATIZE Nutrition, Dallas TX
USA
Title: Role of protein level and types in weight management
Biography:
Robert Wildman received his PhD in Human Nutrition from The Ohio State University and is a registered dietitian. He is the author of four books including The Nutritionist: Food, Nutrition & Optimal Health, Advanced Human Nutrition, Sport & Fitness Nutrition. He is Chief Science Officer for Dymatize Nutrition (Post Foods) and is an adjunct research faculty at Kansas State University. He has published over 50 papers and abstracts and speaks at conferences and expos around the world.
Abstract:
Over the past few decades several nutritional platforms have been popularized to support healthy weight loss and maintenance. Manipulations in the level of calories along with manipulations in fat and/or carbohydrate energy (total and percent) were and still are prominent in various programs. Along the way one of the most important macronutrients emerged in the form of protein and as some interesting benefits with regard to weight loss and body leaning were revealed. Historically, protein has long been recommended in a more restricted sense and as a more minor contributor of daily calories often positioned as problematic if “too much†is consumed. However, today protein is recognized for its unique and strategic applications to weight control. For instance, protein is the most thermogenic energy nutrient leading to more calories expended in response to a meal and potentially daily. Plus, protein is more satiating than carbohydrate and fat potentially leading to food volume and choice control benefits. Further still research suggests that the base protein recommendations (e.g. RDA) are elevated during weight reduction and body leaning. Based on the heightened awareness of the importance of protein, many health care practitioners, nutritionists and personal trainers are wanting more guidance for daily protein targets and distribution along with a better understanding of differences between protein types. In this presentation the benefits of different protein types along with daily targets and distribution will be presented based on the most current, research-based information
Ryan Roberts
Utah Valley University, USA
Title: Accuracy in Predicting Personal BMI Category among College Students
Biography:
Ryan Roberts is an undergraduate student at Utah Valley University, and anticipates graduation in fall of 2016. He has been a research assistant for Professors Chris Anderson and Ron Hammond at Utah Valley University for four months.
Abstract:
Background: Previous research shows that approximately 20%-33% of Americans inaccurately predict their BMI category. This can be a problem since perception contributes to one’s perceived need to integrate healthy behaviors into their lifestyle, and also reduce one’s positive self-image. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to first, determine the frequency of college students who inaccurately predicted their BMI category and second, what factors may contribute to that accuracy, if any. This is important as little research has been done in both the accuracy, and the factors that contribute to it. Method: 117 college students agreed to answer questions in a survey format, then have anthropometric measurements taken. The survey included items such as specific lifestyle behaviors, recent weight history and self-perception. After, we took weight and body circumference measurements, and compared them to the participants’ perception of self. Results: 38% of our sample inaccurately predicted their BMI category. Many of the inaccurate perceivers were in the normal and overweight category. Discussion: Clinicians would benefit from the awareness of what can skew one’s self-perception, and make necessary adjustments. Educators can benefit from this study by making lesson plan changes to decrease the risk of students misperceiving their weight status. Future implications for researchers will be discussed as well.
Sam El-Osta
Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute
Melbourne, Australia
Title: Implications of Epigenetics in Diabesity Syndrome
Biography:
Sam El-Osta is head of the Human Epigenetics and Epigenomics Profiling Centre at the Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia. He is an NHMRC Senior Research Fellow and his ongoing independent research is currently funded with international and national grants. He has contributed more than 150 articles and publishes research that is highly influential in the field of transcription and chromatin biology. His research is in the Faculty of 1000 Biology and Nature Milestones for transcription regulation as well as in Circulation Research most read articles for 2010-2011 "honor roll" clearly demonstrate international recognition. While, he frequently writes editorials, his research is also recognized in editorials as well as recently awarded in the "Anthology" of the most significant science published in Circulation Research for 2013. He has a reputation for excellence in training, research and technology and has international postdoctoral postings as well as multidisciplinary collaborative projects with the European Science Foundation and FP7-European Commission. He is a recipient of the JDRF innovation award for type 1 diabetes research and serves on national panel committees as well international advisory appointments. His reputation for excellence in training, research and technology continues to rise at an international level. He is recognized by the AMGEN Society as the "Australian Medical Researcher of the Year".
Abstract:
Metabolic memory is the name given to the phenomenon whereby previous exposure to metabolic perturbations has long-lasting patho-physiological effects, well after the event has dissipated. For example, the Diabetes Control Complications Trial (DCCT) and the subsequent Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study revealed that a period of suboptimal glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes, such as that experienced by those in the conventional arm, continues to be a risk factor for adverse outcomes, when compared to those who were initially intensively treated, despite the fact that glycemic control has subsequently been similar in the two cohorts for over a decade. Recent work following the UKPDS cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes also suggests that the benefits of glucose control can be sustained well beyond the period of the initial trial of intensified treatment. We have shown in animal models of diabetes, that restoring normoglycemia does not reduce atherosclerosis. Indeed, the pro-inflammatory impact of hyperglycemia persists and is similar to that seen in mice with chronic hyperglycemia. Although significant progress has recently been made in elucidating the genetics of T1D, the non-genetic component remains poorly defined. In this lecture we present key preliminary data examining genome-wide DNA methylation of the FinnDiane type 1 diabetes cohort.
Mohammed Tarrabain
American Society of Bariatric Physicians
USA
Title: Management of obesity disease in primary care setting: Six months outcome of a family physician interested in weight loss treatment
Biography:
Mohammed Tarrabain earned his medical degree from the American University of Beirut in 2003. He completed his family medicine residency at University of Pittsburgh in 2007. He practiced family medicine in New Hampshire and Rhode Island before moving to Indiana in 2012 to continue working in primary care. • American Board certified in Family medicine (2007) and Obesity medicine (2013). Member of the American Academy of Family Physicians, American Society of Bariatric Physicians and the Obesity Action Coalition.
Abstract:
Background- As family physicians deal on a daily basis with obesity and all its comorbidities, it was important to introduce new modalities and try to achieve better results. Methods- We present the material and tools utilized in a primary care clinic (Indiana, USA) after physician to start (March 2014) a wt loss program in conjunction with routine care. Obese patients were asked to join program then given an Obesity History Form (1); with assessment of patients' motivation and readiness to change. Then a brief introduction to low GI carb and high protein diet and baseline lab panel obtained. At the second visit the metabolic profile was reviewed, and two other steps were performed: first, brief counseling lifestyle (done by the physician). Second, was a modified Eating Behavior Questionnaire (EBQ) (2), then introduction of prescribed Rx. Patient was then seen in two weeks to monitor drug and diet changes (repeat EBQ), and plans reviewed. Then every month afterwards (6 months) with focus on patients’ specific comorbidities behavioral and medical. Results- Details to follow. Note: so far, at least 82 obese patients (av. age 44, av. BMI 37.8) completed the wt loss program. Then data is analyzed as %wt loss and CV risk profile improvement. Conclusion- Family physicians can do a great job in treating obesity.
Sonia Faruqi
Project Animal Farm, North York
Canada
Title: The food industry revealed from behind farm doors: How we eat and why it matters
Biography:
Sonia Faruqi attended Darmouth College, where she studied Economics, Government, and Public Policy. Upon graduating with several honors and recognitions, Sonia worked at an investment bank on Wall Street. Later, her volunteer vacation at a dairy farm turned into the beginning of a global expedition into the deepest, darkest recesses of the animal agriculture industry. Sonia met and befriended farmers, contract growers, executives, and slaughter workers, even living with some of them. The story of her unprecedented quest, Project Animal Farm, aims to make the world a better place for all its inhabitants.
Abstract:
Sonia attended Darmouth College, where she studied Economics, Government, and Public Policy. Upon graduating with several honors and recognitions, Sonia worked at an investment bank on Wall Street. Later, her volunteer vacation at a dairy farm turned into the beginning of a global expedition into the deepest, darkest recesses of the animal agriculture industry. Sonia met and befriended farmers, contract growers, executives, and slaughter workers, even living with some of them. The story of her unprecedented quest, Project Animal Farm, aims to make the world a better place for all its inhabitants.
Biography:
Amanda Harrist completed her Ph.D. in Human Ecology and Child Development in 1991 from The University of Tennessee. She is a professor of Child Development in Oklahoma State University’s Dept. of Human Development and Family Science and is Associate Director for the College of Human Science’s Center for Family Resilience. She has published more than 30 papers in peer-reviewed journals and edited volumes, is series co editor for Springer Publisher’s book series, Emerging Issues and Alternative Perspectives on Strengthening Individuals and Families, and is past President for the Society for research in Human Development.
Abstract:
Purpose
The limited long-term effectiveness of child obesity treatment has been well-documented. Currently there is little understanding of what psycho-social (non-exercise and non-food related) variables lead to/exacerbate weight problems. Despite research showing (a) family involvement in treatment increases effectiveness, and (b) obese children are often bullied, few studies target psycho social dynamics in family and peer groups.
Methods
This longitudinal study examined effectiveness of psycho-educational obesity treatment in five conditions: Family Lifestyle (FL; 12 sessions focused on healthy eating/activity; n = 37), Family Lifestyle/Family Dynamics (FL/FD) condition (12 sessions adding healthy
family relationship content; n = 42), a Peer Group condition (FL/PG, FL/FD/PG),
adding a 12-session anti rejection/inclusion curriculum, and a Control condition (n = 59). Twenty-nine schools were randomly assigned to condition. Anthropometric assessments
were completed Pre-treatment (early 1st grade), post-treatment (late 1st grade), and each spring, 2nd-4th grade. Only children who were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 85 %tile) were
included in analyses. Hierarchical multiple regression examined treatment effects,
controlling for pre-treatment BMI.
Results
Post-treatment, children in the FL intervention had significantly lower BMI-for-age scores than Control children (β = -.06; p = .02). However, by 2nd and 3rd grade, children in the PG condition had lower BMI-for-age (βs = -.06, -.49, ps = .05, .02), and by 4th grade, children in the FL/FD condition had lower BMIs than Control children (β = -.20, p = .03
Conclusion
Results provide evidence for the long-term benefits of attending to family and peer-group psycho social dynamics in the treatment of child obesity.
Monteillet Nicolas
CNRS/UOB-FLSH Libreville,
France
Title: Is cultural acceptance a risk factor of obesity: An assessment in three ethnic groups (Cameroon/Gabon).
Biography:
Monteillet Nicolas is Professor of Anthropology and has leaded the ANTRAC (Anthropologie Alimentaire des migrants d’Afrique Centrale) project on the nutritional transition in Cameroon and Gabon during 3 years. After a doctorate in Anthropology (Paris V-Sorbonne) awarded by the Best thesis prize for Humanities group of the Sorbonne, he teach in several universities (Paris V/EHESS/Lill3..). Having completed in 2011 his Habilitation to direct Research under the direction of P. Deshayes, in Lyon 2, he teaches in the FLSH of Libreville and has published 3 books and more than 12 papers. He has been member of the scientific committee of 3 seminars.
Abstract:
Fear of scarcity and seasonal insecurity lead many Central African peoples to associate stoutness with economic well being and health. Particularly in Cameroon and Gabon the rapid growth of obesity lead to think that this acceptance was a relevant risk factor for health workers. Based on samples from three ethnic background (West/South Cameroon and North Gabon) this study including 1800 subjects and qualitative data will show that simple qualitative inferences or statistics can’t explain the different ethnic prevalence. Depending on cultural food background, physical activity and body size perceptions, this paper will show the relevance of comparative studies to understand risk factor to improve preventive and nutritional training of obesity.
Hajnal Zdravics
City University London
United Kingdom
Title: The emergence of the Nudge paradigm and its potential in combating obesity in England
Biography:
Hajnal has completed her MSc in Food and Nutrition Policy in 2014. She also holds a BSc in Human Nutrition from the University of Westminster, London, UK.
Abstract:
The global obesity epidemic has been on the rise for the last four decades. Whilst energy gap models quantified the relationship between energy intake and expenditure, new research suggests that that there is one unstable element in the equation: the human being ( Maha et al., 2013; Swinburn 2001; Gortmaker 2011). It has been postulated that, if humans are left to their own devices, they fail to self-regulate their eating habits (Cooper and Kovacic, 2012). The Nudge concept, advocated by the UK Government and policy-makers seems an elegant almost too easy way to overcome failures in public health policy through behavior change. The aim of the project was to attempt to 1) explore Nudge Theory 2) investigate the political power motives and challenges and finally to 3) ascertain the role of Nudge Theory in UK obesity policy. Desk-based critical enquiry (rooted in critical theory) analysis method was used to explore the theoretical and conceptual connections between the State, power and practical- rhetorical shift currently occurring in obesity policy. It has been concluded that Nudge, embedded in neoliberal paternalism, managed through health system reorganization might not be the final answer to obesity epidemic. It is paramount, that behavioral interventions utilizing Nudge Theory (and including other behavioral economic models) needs to be clearly defined and should complement other public health interventions. Nudge concept should not be uniform – and not treated as one size fits all.